How to Make Southern Style Spaghetti

A process analysis explains in step-by-step fashion how something works or how something is done or made. In this process analysis, I will be explaining how to make my favorite dish I would like to call it, â€Å"Southern Style Spaghetti. † This is my how-to-essay. Getting Started Making Southern Style Spaghetti is just as simple as making your traditional spaghetti with a twist. First thing you need are your ingredients which are: 2lbs. spaghetti noodles 2 lbs. ground beef or turkey 5 lbs. rumettes 1lb. of peeled shrimp 1lb sausage links 2 onions(chopped) 1 green pepper(chopped) 1lb cheddar cheese 2 cups of milk ? cup chopped parsley 4-6 qt. boiling water 64oz. spaghetti sauce Bring 4qrts. of water to a boil. Add 5lbs. of drumettes to boiling water. Boil chicken for 20-25mins. or until chicken is partially tender. / put aside. In a separate pot bring 2 cups of water to a boil, add shrimp and boil for 10-15mins. / put aside. Brown 2lbs. of ground beef or turkey. / put aside.Bo il your noodles for 5-7 mins. or until it reaches it desired texture. Drain water and rinse your noodles. / put aside. Cut your uncooked sausage into dices or desired shape. ( I prefer half-circle shapes) In a big bowl, mix all of your meats together. / put aside. Then in a large deep stew pot, mix your noodles and spaghetti sauce and bring to a boil. Add your bowl of meats, reduce heat to a simmer. Add your 2 chopped onions, chopped green peppers, parsley, and 2 cups of milk and stir for 2 minutes.Cover and let simmer for 20-25mins. stirring occasionally. Remove from heat then sprinkle top with the desired amount of cheese, cover and let stand for 10mins. serve and enjoy. Makes 10-15 servings. For Baked Southern Style Spaghetti, follow the same instructions, but you should preheat oven to 375 degrees. Use a large deep dish pan to pour everything into. (mix all ingredients together before pouring into pan. ) Cover with foil, place on center rack and bake on 375 degrees for 30-35 min s.Remove foil from pan then continue to bake for an additional 15-20mins, or until cheese browns. Remove from oven and let stand 10mins, and then serve. When making your Southern Style Spaghetti, you may omit or add more meat depending on your taste. You may also add more vegetables. Remember to reduce your heat when simmering to avoid scorching at the bottom of your pot. I suggest serving your spaghetti with garlic bread and salad. If the directions are followed correctly, you’re in for a great treat. This is delicious, guaranteed.

Displaced People

Myanmar is a country located in Central Asia that has experienced massive refugee migration in the last two decades. The displacement of Myanmar nationals, specifically the Rohingya Muslim group, is mainly due to three factors. Firstly, these residents have fled to other countries and even continents in order to avoid further conflict within the state (UNHCR 213). The nature of conflict is based on human rights abuses, while others are centered on religious differences.It should be understood that Myanmar has been mainly run by the military for at least 30 years and any rebellious acts against these forces immediately result in massive killings and other forms of persecution (UNHCR 59). In addition, the principles and beliefs of the Muslim Rohingya group are largely different from that of the military. Thus, to these refugees, migration appears to be the only solution for safety and ultimately, survival. There are reports that describe entire villages burned down by highly aggressive members of the military.Two of the most documented villages in Myanmar that have experienced massive migration are the Kanyi and Karen villages. The closest country to Myanmar is Thailand and thus this neighboring country has seen a great influx of refugees in the last few decades. Thailand has been very supportive to displaced Myanmar nationals as they fully assist in providing shelter to these helpless individuals. Unfortunately, refugees from Myanmar often reach Thailand in a very deplorable state, as they have traveled by foot or by sea for several days or weeks to simply cross the border.To date, there are approximately 200,000 Myanmar refugees who currently reside in camps around Thailand, with most of them having settled there almost 20 years ago. Other Myanmar refugees have moved to Bangladesh for temporary shelter, as there were particular groups in this country that has close linguistic ties with Myanmar. By the 1990’s, approximately 270,000 refugees have been docu mented to move out of the northern state of Rakhine in Myanmar and were directed to two Bangladeshi refugee camps, namely Nayapara and Kutupalong.The current government of Myanmar has earlier expressed their refusal to include the Rohingya group as their citizens and would only recognize this as an ethnic group. Fifteen years later, most of the Rohingya refugees have returned to Myanmar, yet a small portion of this population made up of around 26,000 refugees have continued to refuse to return to their home country. Since Bangladesh is also a developing country, the exile of these Myanmar citizens was not as simple as could be imagined.These refugees had to adapt to their new environment for the next 15 years and eventually, through the help of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, these individuals were transferred to Ontario, Canada. Other Myanmar refugees have also been reported in Malaysia, Indonesia, The Philippines and the United States. Another reason for displac ement of Rohingya Muslims is political, wherein this indigenous group was poorly treated simply for the reason that they have are considered to have no social status in Myanmar.The military government considers this group at stateless and that they have no capacity to pay for the issuance of Myanmar identification cards, which is the requirement for citizenship in the country. Another cause for displacement of Myanmar nationals is environmental disaster, such as the tsunami that was generated after an earthquake that occurred in the Pacific Ocean in 2004 (UNHCR 11).The strong waves emanating from the earthquake resulted in a tsunami that left Myanmar, India, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries under water for several months. Myanmar residents were thus pushed to move to higher ground and farther from the sea, in order to avoid any additional effects that may come after that strong earthquake. The tsunami of 2004 has resulted in the migration of the Myanmar nationals to nei ghboring countries such as Thailand, Bangladesh and Malaysia.

John Smith’s Account of the Founding of Jamestown in 1607

The colony at Jamestown, the colonies at Plymouth, and the colony at Boston had different nature, goals, successes and failures. There was a cross of similarities and differences. One thing that remains obvious is each was looking for something that was lacking in their home land. There was a perception and a picture that each group had when they left their homelands. Arrival in the new would prove to be an alternate reality from that which was envisioned. The new reality still provided a challenge for each settlement. This was to be a new start.This was an opportunity to establish something new. That would be a chance to be a part of something great. The New World offered opportunities to have success on a different level. Jamestown was a joint venture. People joined their financed together to create a business organization called a stock company. Like any other business the ultimate goal was to produce a profit. The initial settlers basically worked for the benefit of the joint sto ck company. They would not be completely free to make their own rules and regulations.There were specific rules even on the voyage of the rationing of the food. The Settlement of Jamestown shows s the initial days of Jamestown from the point of view of Captain John Smith. The very first impression of the New World gave foreshadowing of some of the doom and gloom in store for the travelers. As soon as they arrived on the shore they were attacked by travelers. That night a box was opened to give orders of how they were to organize and govern themselves according to the joint stock company.John Smith goes on to give an account of internal jealousy, trust, and greed issues of the group. That was compounded with the external sickness, disease, and multiple attacks by the savages that often resulted in death. He personally was on the verge of being killed when he was saved. Even the settlement was on the verge of dying out when God intervened and changed the hearts of the savages. This re sulted in the savages helping them. Captain John Smith acknowledges God’s hand in the survival of Jamestown.The settlement at Plymouth goes a little farther in establishing that God is one of the main reasons for the colony. Pilgrims were looking for religious liberty and anew way of life for their families. They were not crusaders out to change the world or gather riches. They were â€Å"humble English farmers† (Brands et al, 2009, p 42). Their first sight of land proved to be a joyous occasion. It was important and natural for them to give God praise for a successful voyage. The Pilgrims governing structure came from the self created Mayflower Compact.It was democratic in nature. They were in agreement from the beginning of the voyage that there was to be no overseas ruler. They each had their freedom. The Pilgrims contact with the savages was less confrontational than that of Jamestown. The savages tended to run as opposed to attacking the settlers. The Pilgrims had similar results in dealing with the sickness and diseases of the New World. John Winthrop and the Puritans had very ambitious ideas when they established the Boston colony. They had visions to what amounts to a utopian society.The goals were to show what Christian society could and should be. In A Model of Christian Charity, John Winthrop writes about what he envisioned as he traveled on the Arbella on his way to the New Word. Their life was to be based on scripture. The answer to how to deal with all situations would come from the Bible. Two of their main principles would be justice and mercy. How to deal with the rich and poor, friend and enemies and forgiveness would be very important in their settlement. The law would be based on God’s laws.Success would be determined by how people lived. They did not have to deal with the same level of sickness and diseases as Jamestown and Plymouth. If you asked the Puritans they would probably tell you that it is a direct result of th eir lifestyle and God’s presence. Captain John smith’s article seemed to present a dark mood as he described what he had to go through. He did not seem to have a very favorable outlook toward his fellow man. He mentions the good, bad and very ugly side of what man is capable of.The Puritans contrastingly, focused on the potential greatness of mankind. The Pilgrims were somewhere in the middle. Each article gave praises to God. God and religion played an important role in each colony.Bibliography Bradford, William. (1650). History of Plymouth Plantation. Brands, HWA, Breen, THH, Williams, R. Hal and Gross, A. J. (2009) American Stories: A History of the United States. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Smith, John. (1604). The Settlement of Jamestown. Winthrop, John. (1630). A Model of Christian Charity.

National Student Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Student Survey - Essay Example The qualitative research involves only a small number of respondents, statistical significances and the confidence levels are usually not performed on the raw data for this type of research. The quantitative research mostly uses a random sample and usually involves a large number of respondents. This type of research is undertaken to draw conclusion about the whole population. (Smith, 2000) The advent of the internet and the falling costs of personal computers have expanded the realms of possibilities for the researcher in their choice of research techniques, and in particular, methods for conducting research surveys. (Schonlau, Fricher et al. 2001). It wasn't very long ago that online surveys weren't considered an effective means of data collection and were seen with suspicion within the marketing research community, mainly, because the online population was not considered sufficiently representative of the population at large. Perceptions have changed overtime with the increase in internet penetration, online research has now become increasingly prominent and is considered as effective as other mail surveys, and interviews (face-to-face and telephone interviews). Advocates of online survey argue that they have distinct advantages over traditional data collection methods. The greatest strengths of internet surveys are the potential to colle... The advantages they offer are: - Online surveys consume less time than traditional methods which can take a long time to implement due to separate and distinct phases of design, data collection, coding and analysis. - Incur less cost and are cheaper to conduct as it has no outgoing or return postage and other administration costs - Easier to conduct - The output produced is comparable in quality to other data collection techniques such as postal surveys etc - It is possible to target a diverse range of potential respondents in terms of geography and industry background. - The sample size can be kept moderately large to take advantage of the lower marginal cost per respondent. - Can be conducted with a convenience sample where the respondents themselves select themselves into the survey - Cost per response decreases with the increase in sample size, so a large sample size can be selected to ensure that the sample is representative of the population - Access to high-income, high-tech, professionals. These and other business people are normally difficult to identify and reach via other methodologies. The greatest strengths of internet surveys are the potential to collect a large amount of data in a relatively short amount of time, and the elimination of the necessity for researchers to enter or process the data. Electronic survey content results may be no different than postal survey content results, yet provide strong advantages of speedy distribution and response cycles [Yun & Trumbo, 2005; Swoboda, et al., 2001] Analysis and Discussion Every survey methodology has its negatives and online surveys are no different. There are problems associated with online surveys that go beyond

Modern Shipping Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Shipping Industry - Essay Example Even the applicability of privity of contract to the maritime contracts was established only after the court rulings in Tweddle & Atkinson [1861]1 and Thompson v Dominy [1845]2. Section 1 of the Bill of Lading Act was enacted to provide the right of suit to the consignee as well as the transferee of the Bill of Lading thus providing an exception to the privity of contract. However one major flaw was that the right of suit was made available only in respect of the conditions specifically and expressly mentioned in the Bill of lading. since the essence of Section 1 is to transfer the right of suit 'as if the contract contained in the bill of lading had been made with himself' . Thus made the section inoperative in those cases where the right of suit on reasons otherwise than on consignment or endorsement and this wording was adversely affecting the position of the Banks in whose favour the bills of lading were endorsed not giving them the right to sue. Under the circumstances where the Bills of lading were not able to be received by the consignees within such time the vessel reaches the destination, the buyer became the owner of the goods by producing a 'letter if indemnity'. As was decided in the case of The Delfini [19903] this act of becoming owner by delivery and 'not upon reason of consignment or endorsement' excluded the receiver's right to sue. The rulings in cases like The Aliakmon [1986]; where an endorsement was made in the Bill of Lading for the agent to take delivery on behalf of the consignee held that there was no transfer of property and in the case of The Aramis [1989]; since it was not possible to ascertain the specific goods consigned from a larger bulk, held that the property did not pass as laid down in Section 16 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, have subsided the effect of the Delfini case. Cessation of Liability of the Ship owner: The decision in the case of Grant v Norway [1851]4 provided for the cessation of liability of the ship owner to the endorsee or transferee of the Bill of lading in cases where the ship owner can prove that the goods were not actually shipped., section 3 of the Bill of Lading Act 1855 was enacted to provide that statements made in the bills of lading with regards to the goods shipped would be conclusive evidence of such shipment "as against the Master or other persons signing the same". However this provision did not provide the necessary remedy for the problem as the ship owners were inclined to take advantage of the courts reading the provisions of Section 3 literally, by applying the principle of estoppel in their favour. Hence section 3 of the Bill of Lading Act proved ineffective in solving the issues created by the case of Grant v Norway [1851]5. Coverage of the Bill of Lading Act 1855: One final issue concerning the Bill of Lading Act was that it generally covered only 'Bills of Lading' and not 'sea way bills' which were the order of the day during the last few decades with the containerization of the goods which was not covered by the old Act. Provisions of the UK Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992: Section 2 (1) (a) of the UK Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992, empowers the consignee to sue the carrier in contract, where the consignee is the

A Comparative Analysis of the Movie 300 and Herodotuss The Persian Essay

A Comparative Analysis of the Movie 300 and Herodotuss The Persian Wars - Essay Example However, the movie committed major deviations from Herodotus’s historical accounts of the Persian Wars. This paper attempts to discuss the differences between the film 300 and Herodotus’s account of the last stand at Thermopylae in terms of military tactics, naval engagements, and religion. In the movie, the King of Sparta, Leonidas, and his best soldiers confront Xerxes’s enormous army at the northern Greece’s narrow pass and courageously restrain the Persians. And the age-old motivating importance of sacrifice has been preserved. Hence, for people who think that the merit of a film is established firmly by its episodes, and that the value of its rhythm, visuals, acting, screenplay, and historical accuracy are merely icing in the cake, the 300 will be worth a watch. However, for people who think that rhythm, visuals, acting, screenplay, and historical accuracy represent the true success of film, that a setting is merely the objective, and that the objecti ve should never be confused with the action, the 300 is a quite worthless film. Military Tactics In the film 300 Leonidas is depicted as planning to carry his 300 elite soldiers to Thermopylae to crush the Persian army and stand up for freedom. Leaving behind the unsophisticated principle of justice, rationality, and freedom—the Spartans, similar to other Greeks, had a history of trying to subjugate if not really colonize other populations when it served their goals—it is nonsensical to propose that an exceptional Spartan commander like Leonidas would think that his elite army of 300 could spoil the ambitious goal of tens of thousands of Persian soldiers. The enthusiasm of Leonidas is not convincing or believable. The real last stand of the 300 as a hold-back strategy is historical and plausible. Some of the depictions of the military strategy are historically inaccurate. For instance, the filmmakers chose to reduce the Spartan body armors to their symbolic and basic a spects: weapons, shields, cloak, and headdress. The outcome is superhuman images, hoplites stripped of body armors. Any Greek fighter would refuse to go to war without some kind of upper body shield. There are other historical inaccuracies. Ephialtes, the Greek who double-crossed the Greek army, is shown as a badly misshapen Spartan recluse whose betrayal stems from the refusal of Leonidas to permit him to take part in the battle. Gorgo, the wife of Leonidas, who was trivially mentioned in the historical accounts, is granted with a very important role. The domestic political schemes in Sparta are entirely fictional. The route at Thermopylae is depicted as an extremely constricted crevice between upright rock faces. The Greek forces are depicted advancing south of Sparta but Thermopylae is located at the northern part of Sparta. Illusory creatures appear every now and then, like the giant elephants and rhinoceros, at the battle. These are imaginary additions. The documentary The Last Stand of the 300 accurately describes the military strategies at Thermopylae. Most of the descriptions are in line with Herodotus’s accounts. The Greek army positioned themselves in a phalanx, a fortification of encrusted spearpoints and

Fund managers combine assets into portfolios with attributes expected Essay

Fund managers combine assets into portfolios with attributes expected to be attractive to their clients. Identify and describe a - Essay Example The active strategies for financial investments are: proper stock selection; good market timing; appropriate bond swapping; and a ladder approach in multi-investments. Appropriate or proper stock selection involves the buying of undervalued stocks. The investor must be aware of any existing public information related to the stocks he/she is going to buy to be able to evaluate fairly well the best possible stocks that are being offered which will eventually yield the best possible growth and return. This type of investment technique keeps the portfolio streamlined and more manageable because the investor is well-informed about the stocks’ standing. Market timing strategy leads any potential investor to purchase stocks when the prices are low and to sell them when they reach their maximum peak values at a given time. This entails guessing the ups and downs of the money market that is usually dependent on various issues that affects marketable stocks. Bond swapping is an active i nvestment strategy that requires an investor to make a forecast as to when to sell long-term bonds and when to buy short-term bonds. The capital gains on bonds are based on the changes involved in interest rates, which normally fluctuates from time to time. Last but not the least active strategy for financial investment is the ladder approach where investors are encouraged or advised to invest in mixed or various types of investments that have different maturity dates and varying levels of risks. This particular active strategy is designed to provide the investor a more regular and fixed income that has lower risks (Norton, 2008a). The second type of investment strategy is the passive investment strategies. This type of investment strategy involves the following investment techniques: balance mutual fund; index portfolio, dollar cost averaging, buy and hold; and dividends reinvestment plan. The balance mutual fund is a diverse combination of investments offering various maturity dat es along with different risk intensities. This kind of investment strategy helps to make any investment portfolio more stable since the levels of risks vary and the returns augment losses if any. Next passive strategy is the index portfolio intended to copy a main index. Similar shares with the same proportion as the main index is bought with the primary aim of duplicating its performance and not out-performing it. This makes returns more predictable and is often utilized when investing in equities. The dollar cost averaging is another form of passive investment strategy where investments are purchased at standard periodic intervals without considering the fluctuation of market prices. Hence, if the price movement is downhill the average price for the investment is usually greater than the current market price. But if the price trend is uphill then the average cost is less than the market price. Buy and hold is another type of passive investment method which aims to provide the best possible return for a particular risk level. This method normally involves bonds and stocks that are held for long periods of time or until their respective maturity dates. The dividends reinvestment plan strategy is a type of passive i

Hydro-power and the wildlife damage it causes Essay

Hydro-power and the wildlife damage it causes - Essay Example She implies despite the positive benefits brought about by Hydro power, the environment suffers a great deal of its side effects, notably, extinction of some form of wildlife. With the emergence of Global warming, dams have received a lot of attention despite the fact that they generate huge quantities of electricity without really burning fossil fuels. In this context, multiple questions have been raised concerning the environmental effects of hydropower. Among them, Are dams carbon neutral? What of the energy used in the construction of Dams and the reservoir that are created behind them (deforestation and decomposition). Notably, endless questions have been raised over the impact of Hydropower on the surrounding environment and more particularly, its impact on wildlife. As opponents of hydropower indicate, it appears as if enough evidence has been found to discredit Hydropower as an efficient energy source. Having that in mind, the paper seeks to discuss the negative environmental effects posed by Hydropower with a view to elucidate on the destruction of wildlife habitats. In a study by FWEE on provision of balanced information for water as a renewable energy resource in the North West, it is indicated that, some specific impacts due to a hydroelectric power projects mainly depends on the following variables (FWEE 1). Firstly, the size and the flow rate, secondly, the climatic and habitat conditions, thirdly, design type and operation of the project. Additionally, the habitat and climatic conditions as well as, the project locations play a significant role. In terms of the project location, upstream or downstream location often comes in focus. This clearly reveals that the dynamics involved in hydropower generations affect various sectors that are directly or indirectly related to its production. McCully, in his article of big Dams big trouble, published by New internationalists, close to sixty percent of the world’s largest river system are mostly fr agmented by numerous dams and considerable water withdrawals for irrigation purposes. This implies that the massive fragmentation of and replumbing of the world largest rivers has led to an increased loss of fresh water species. In this regard, close to a third of the world fresh water fish species have been reported as extinct, vulnerable or endangered. Additionally, IEA Hydropower Agreement on Hydropower and the environment: present context and the guidelines for future Action, indicates that construction of the reservoir increased the storage water, thus covering riparian areas stream banks (23). Following these, inundation occurs. A change in the habitat conditions leads to the emergence of a new equilibrium. While this is happening, different set of dynamics begin to affect how species grow feed, spawn and grow within these regions. Though a rise in water levels increase electricity production, the riparian zone is affected since some of the vegetation initially covered by wate r may never re-establish McCully further indicates that a significant but unknown number of , amphibians, shell fish, as well as plants and birds that depend on Fresh water ecosystems are on the verge of extinction or as such, at risk (620). He further points it out that Flooding from Dams has the potential to disrupt Wildlife

Value added Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Value added - Coursework Example Although some view this exporting of raw materials to be beneficial, it is in order to say that the value-added industries succumbs losses in terms of employment to the public. Value-added for processing the raw materials allows for growth in the economy since it is considered efficient in comparison to export of the latter. If a company exports raw materials, as opposed to processing it themselves, the cost of the input is high due to the travelling costs, processing amounts and other expenditures at hand. In this case the value-added becomes low thus less efficient. Also, value-added for processing raw materials helps in the company’s operations strategies compared to value-added for exporting the raw materials. This is seen in the amount of money that is saved within the company. Obviously, with the right equipment to process the raw materials to the final product, valuable costs are saved and so the value-added industry prevails. It is cost effective and reliable in terms of value-added for processing raw materials compared to value-added for exporting the raw materials. Time spent to effectively process the raw materials to a finished product is favourable to consider in adding value to the item. Putting this into consideration then we have that value-added for exported raw materials is low compared to that of value-added for processing the same raw materials since there is less time involved in production of the raw materials within a firm than to export them for

University-industry research relationships Essay Example for Free

University-industry research relationships Essay The growth of university-industry research relationships in biotechnology has raised questions concerning their effects, both positive and negative, on universities. A survey of over 1200 faculty members at 40 major universities in the United States reveals that biotechnology researchers with industrial support publish at higher rates, patent more frequently, participate in more administrative and professional activities and earn more than colleagues without such support. At the same time, faculty with industry funds are much more likely than other biotechnology faculty to report that their research has resulted in trade secrets and that commercial considerations have influenced their choice of research projects. Although the data do not establish a causal connection between industrial support and these faculty behaviors, our findings strongly suggest that university-industry research relationships have both benefits and risks for academic institutions. The challenge for universities is to find ways to manage these relationships that will preserve the benefits while minimizing the risks. Industrial support of university research in biotechnology A 1984 study of biotechnology companies reveals that nearly one-half of all such firms fund research in universities. Industry may support as much as one-quarter of all biotechnology research in institutions of higher education. These investments seem to be yielding substantial benefits to involved firms. Per dollar invested, university research is generating more patent applications than is other company research. Research relationships do pose some risks to traditional university values such as openness of communication among scholars. These risks may be greater in relationships involving small firms. The data also reveal that government is now, and seems likely to remain, the principal source of support for university research in biotechnology.

David Copperfield Analysis

David Copperfield Analysis Introduction to the background, Charles Dickens and his work- David Copperfield Charles Dickens, the most popular writer of the Victorian age, was born near Portsmouth, England, in 1812 and he died in Kent in 1870. When his father was thrown into debtors prison, young Charles was taken out of school and forced to work in a shoe-polish factory, which may help explain the presence of so many abandoned and victimized children in his novels. As a young man, he worked as a reporter before starting his career as a fictional writer in 1833. In his novels, short stories and essays, Dickens combined hilarious comedy with a scathing criticism of the inhuman features of Victorian industrial society. Many of his novels Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, etc., have been made into first-rate TV and film versions. David Copperfield is the story of the narrators life from early childhood to adulthood. In it, David describes all the obstacles he had to overcome in order to acquire peace of mind and economic stability. Review of the literature David Copperfield Plots The story begins with the widowed Clara Copperfield awaiting the birth of her first child. She receives a surprise visit from her husbands aunt, Betsey Trotwood, who insists the child will be a girl, and should be named after her. The child is, in fact, a boy, and she leaves, greatly disappointed. The boy who is born is David Copperfield, the protagonist. His early years are happy, as he lives with his mother and her housekeeper Peggotty, but when Clara falls in love with Edward Murdstone, Davids life takes a turn for the worse. When David is sent off with Peggotty to Yarmouth to spend a few weeks with her brother, he meets Emily, his first love, and her cousin Ham, both of whom are under Mr. Peggottys care. When he returns, he finds that his mother has married Murdstone. Murdstone is a harsh, cruel man who beats David and browbeats Clara into submission with the help of his sister Jane. After David resists Murdstones harsh treatment, he is sent off to Salem House, a miserable school under the oversight of Mr. Creakle, a brutal and incompetent master. There he meets Steerforth and Traddles the first a hero to the youthful David, though completely unworthy of his admiration, and the second a kindly and cheerful boy who will become a lifelong friend. After a semester at Salem House, David receives word that his mother and her newborn son had died, and he returns home. It is obvious that the Murdstones want nothing to do with him. Peggotty is fired as housekeeper, and she marries the coach-driver Barkis and moves back to Yarmouth. David, meanwhile, is sent to work in a factory in London at the age of ten. He hates his job and feels that the men and boys around him are beneath him, though he gains some consolation from the Micawber family, with whom he lodges. Micawber is an incompetent optimist, totally incapable of handling money, but constantly certain that something will turn up. When the Micawbers leave London, David runs away from the factory and walks across the country to Dover, seeking shelter from his eccentric great aunt Betsey Trotwood. She takes him in and adopts him, refusing the claim that the Murdstones stake to him, and he lives happily with her and her feeble-minded friend Mr. Dick. She then sends him to Canterbury to the school of Dr. Strong, a capable and kindly instructor. While in Canterbury, he lodges with Mr. Wickfield, who is Betseys lawyer, and meets his daughter Agnes, who becomes his dearest friend. He also encounters Wickfields clerk, the simpering and hypocritical Uriah Heep, who h ides behind a mask of humility. Potential trouble looms on the horizon as we observe that Wickfield drinks too much, and that Dr. Strongs very young wife Annie may be too fond of her cousin Jack Maldon. When David completes school, he again encounters Steerforth. The two of them visit Yarmouth, where David introduces Steerforth to his friends the Peggottys. By this time, Ham and Emily are engaged, but Steerforth notices the lovely Emily. He acts in a friendly manner toward the Peggottys and becomes popular among the townsfolk, but inwardly despises them as his inferiors. When David returns to London, he pursues a career as a law clerk, and becomes reacquainted with his old friend Traddles, who is now studying to become a lawyer. David accepts employment a Spenlow and Jorkins, and soon falls in love with Spenlows daughter, the lovely but weak Dora. He courts her secretly, but when he declares his intentions, Spenlow denies his permission. Shortly thereafter, Spenlow dies and Dora is given into the care of her elderly maiden aunts. Meanwhile, David hears that Barkis is dying and returns to Yarmouth. While he is there, Barkis dies, but the greater tragedy is that Emily, despite being engaged to Ham, has run away with Steerforth to become a lady. Daniel Peggotty vows to spend the rest of his life, if necessary, to find her. When David calls on Mrs. Steerforth, she insists that she will never allow her son to marry Emily, and will disown him if he tries. To her way of thinking, the whole thing is Emilys fault for seeking to rise above her status in societ y. Her companion, Rosa Dartle, who has long been in love with Steerforth, flies into a jealous rage. David, no longer able to work at Spenlow and Jorkins, takes a job as secretary to Dr. Strong, while Micawber has become a clerk at Wickfield and Heep (Uriah has insinuated himself into the business by blackmailing Wickfield, and has been named a partner). David soon marries Dora. Though they love each other dearly, it soon becomes obvious that she is totally helpless as a homemaker, and is intellectually unsuited to her husband. David, meanwhile, becomes a newspaper reporter, writing about the debates in Parliament, and ultimately a famous novelist. Meanwhile, Steerforth has cast Emily aside and tried to give her to his manservant Littimer. Emily runs away and finds her way to London, where she encounters Martha Endell, a fallen woman whom she had helped many years before. Martha tips off David and Mr. Peggotty, and Emily is reunited with her foster father, who plans to take her to Australia, where her shame is unknown. With the help of Micawber, Traddles, Betsey, Mr. Dick, and David, Uriahs perfidy is exposed and his attempt to marry Agnes is prevented. In gratitude, Betsey offers to finance a trip to Australia for the Micawbers, who decide to emigrate along with Daniel Peggotty, Emily, Daniels boarder Mrs. Gummidge, and Martha Endell. Betsey also regains her home in Dover, which was thought to have been lost through the machinations of Heep. Ultimately, both Heep and Littimer wind up in jail because of fraud and theft, respectively. Following a miscarriage, Dora dies. Meanwhile, Ham is killed in a terrible storm off the Yarmouth shore; ironically, the man he dies trying to save is Steerforth, who is also killed. Peggotty, now left alone, becomes the housekeeper for Betsey, while David travels abroad for three years to assuage his grief. When he returns, he inquires about Agnes, and his aunt leads him to believe she has an attachment. David is convinced that he has ruined any chance he had of gaining Agnes love by treating her like a sister for all these years and seeking her advice when courting the objects of his many romantic attachments. When questioning Agnes about herattachment, it soon becomes obvious that he is the object of it. The two profess their love and soon marry, living happily ever after. main characters David Copperfield The protagonist of the novel, Davids father dies before his birth, and his mother follows when he is still quite young. He is treated badly by his stepfather Mr. Murdstone and her sister. They send him to work in a factory at the age of ten. He later runs away to live with his great-aunt, from whence he goes to school, becomes a law clerk, then a court reporter, and finally a famous novelist. Among the many loves of his life, he marries Dora Spenlow, who dies a few years later, then Agnes Wickfield. Clara Copperfield Davids mother, a kind but weak-willed woman who is dominated by her second husband and dies shortly after the birth of her second child. Clara Peggotty The Copperfields housekeeper, she is unfailingly kind and loyal to David. She marries Barkis, lives for a while in Yarmouth, and later becomes Betsey Trotwoods housekeeper after Barkis dies. Edward Murdstone Clara Copperfields second husband, he is cruel and harsh to both David and his mother. He beats David after he resists his harsh treatment, sends him off to a pitiful school, then makes him work in a factory. Jane Murdstone Edwards sister, she assists her brother in completely breaking the will of Clara Copperfield. She later becomes the hired companion of Dora Spenlow. Mr. Barkis A kind cart-driver who transports David on many of his childhood journeys, he uses David to communicate his marriage proposal to Peggotty, who finally accepts him. Daniel Peggotty Peggottys brother, he is fisherman in Yarmouth. He is a widower who adopts his niece Emily and his nephew Ham after their parents die, and takes Mrs. Gummidge, a widow, into his home. He gives up everything to search for Emily after she goes astray, and, after he finds her, immigrates to Australia with her and Mrs. Gummidge. Emily Peggotty Little Emily, a beautiful young girl, is Davids first love. Because of her desire to rise above her station in life and become a lady, she runs off with Steerforth instead of going through with her planned marriage to her cousin Ham. After years of disgrace living abroad, she returns to London, where her uncle finds her and takes her off to Australia. Ham Peggotty Daniels nephew and Emilys cousin, he is a fine, simple young man who wants nothing more than to marry Emily and live the life of the sea. When Emily runs off with Steerforth, he recklessly throws himself into every rescue party that is required at Yarmouth, and finally dies in a horrendous storm. Ironically, the man he swims out to save is Steerforth, who also dies in the tempest. Martha Endell A young Yarmouth woman who has fallen into immorality, she is treated kindly by Emily, and plays a key role in helping Daniel to find Emily after her own fall. She, too, emigrates to Australia, where she later marries. themes David Copperfield, probably because it is partly autobiographical, was Dickens own favorite among his novels. Whereas he usually concentrates on a specific social problem, which becomes his main theme, here the theme is personal. In David Copperfield he attempted to come to terms with the trials and humiliations of his childhood and youth, writing as a man who had overcome his humble beginnings and become the most successful novelist of his time. Davids life does not directly reflect Dickens life, but important incidents that had left a lasting impression on him are reproduced with little alteration. Dickens was taken from school at the age of 12 when his father was committed to the debtors prison, and put to work in a relatives factory, like David (p.20). Shortly afterwards, when his father received a legacy that set him free, this also allowed the boy to resume his education. Dickens pictures his father in David Copperfield as the eternally optimistic, improvident Mr. Micawber, but he told his biographer, Forster, that he had never forgotten the humiliation of working in the factory, or forgiven his mother, who thought he should go on working. In the novel, the angelic mother of Davids early childhood is replaced by the harsh, cold Miss Murdstone. The second main theme of the novel is that goodness has nothing to do with social position, and social position is too often equated with wealth. Here again, Dickens personal experience was relevant. As a poor young shorthand writer, he had fallen in love with the daughter of a banker, whose father sent her abroad to keep her out of Dickens way, as Mr Spenlow plans to do with Dora. Spenlows attitude towards David changes when Davids aunt loses her money. When he says I thought you were a gentleman he implies that being a gentleman is a matter of money, not of being a gentle man, as David is. This tendency to equate money and social position with virtue corrupts characters judgment and behaviors. The proud rich boy, Steerforth, could have been a good man but has been spoilt by an indulgent mother. Consequently, he looks down on poor fishermen, ignoring their human qualities, and takes advantage of Emily (ruins her in the language of the time) but will not marry her. In contrast, Ham, the humble fisherman who loved Emily, dies trying to save him. At the other end of the social scale, envy of others social position leads Uriah Heep, who always emphasizes that he is humble, to cheat Mr Wickfield and dream of marrying Agnes. David himself is not corrupted. From the beginning, he judges everyone on their merits, refusing to accept that people are inferior because they are poor. 3. Definition a semi-biographical novel A semi-autobiographical novel is loosely based on the experiences of the authors own life. A semi-autobiographical novel may be written to protect the privacy of the authors family, friends, and loved ones; to achieve emotional distance from the subject; or for artistic reasons, such as simplification of plot lines, themes, and other details. Charles Dickens and David Copperfield A lot of critics think of David Copperfield as Dickenss autobiographical novel. To read David Copperfield is to understand Dickens, which will further deepen the understanding of Dickenss other works. David Copperfield is regarded by many as the authors masterpiece. Dickens began to write David Copperfield in l849. David Copperfield was thus produced under such constructed and well planned writing, which, added special dramatic affect to the stories. Autobiographical elements in David Copperfield include Dickens experience working in a factory as a child, reflections on his fathers influence in his life (Micawber is largely based on Dickens father), his work as a newspaper reporter writing on the debates in Parliament, his development as a novelist (the book is written in the first person by a writer looking back on his formative years), and his experiences in matters of the heart. Near the end of his career, Dickens admitted that, of all the children he had produced, he loved David Copperfield the most. 4.1 similar life experiences between David and Dickens David Copperfield is presented more formally as a semi-autobiography, beginning with the protagonists birth. Like Dickens, David was born on a Friday, Because of illness. Little Dickens could not take part in boys game. He liked to read books while other boys were playing outside ¼Ã… ½Dickens always read books in his fathers library ¼Ã… ½In his novel, 1ittle David also liked to read books in Davids fathers library. Dickens worked as a child labor pasting labels onto bottles. David had the same experience after his mother was dead. In Dickenss career, he had to be first a law clerk, then a reporter and finally a successful novelist. In the book of David Copperfield David had carried the same career, even the same order. Davids complex character allows for contradiction and development over the course of the novel ¼Ã… ½David also displays great tenderness, as in the moment he realize his love for Agnes for the first time. David, especially, as a young man in love, could be foolis h and romantic. This is very same to Dickens himself. As he grew up, he developed a more mature point of view and searched for a love who will challenge him and help his grow ¼Ã… ½David fully matured as an adult when he expressed the sentiment that he valued Agness calm tranquility over all else in his life. Any sense of self-importance is immediately deflated however by the digressively self-deprecating humor of the opening (which recalls Tristram Shandy at times) and by the narrators desire for his life to speak for itself (which recalls chapter one of Roderick Random). Throughout this novel we sense Dickenss delight in experimenting with what was for him a new narrative method, and in the opening chapter he demonstrates that working within established literary conventions he can produce a more effective mingling of humor and pathos than any of his predecessors. The first touch of pathos is when David shifting briefly forward in time recalls the indefinable compassion he felt for his fathers grave in the churchyard when our little parlor was warm and bright with fire and candle, and the doors of our house were almost cruelly, it seemed to me sometimes bolted and locked against it. This is typical of the novel in that the narrator recalls the ingenuousness of his younger self with a gentle irony that only serves to highlight the sensitivity of the child. In chapter two this effect is reinforced by the often startling immediacy of the present tense (also adopted in four subsequent retrospective chapters). Here Dickens reveals the radical otherness of the childs perception of the world (in the added alertness of certain senses and different awareness of the emotional and physical proportions of things); the anxieties that accompany that perspective (David is even afraid that Mr Chillip must feel unhappy about a church tablet saying that physicians were in vain, and the underlying buoyancy of youth that reduces the duration of any painful thoughts (almost Immediately afterwards he thinks what a good place the pulpit would be to play in). Dickens is particularly subtle in his mingling and contrasting of the points of view of the youthful protagonist and mature narrator. 4.2 Similar flirtatious disposition between David Copperfield and Charles Dickens 4.2.1 David Copperfields Flirtatious Disposition David Copperfield, articled to the proctors office of Spenlow and Jorkins in London, fell in love with Mr. Francis Spenlows only daughter Dora at first sight, and got engaged to her. He wrote to Agnes, the lawyer Mr. Wickfields only daughter and Davids adopted sister in Canterbury (Ch. 39), informing her that Dora was such a darling and was very blest; but he, while writing so, remembered Agness clear calm eyes and gentle face (Ch. 34). He, it may be considered, is neither devoted to Dora nor single-minded in his affections. When David suddenly learned that that his great-aunt Miss Betsy Trotwood, who was his guardian, was ruined, he told Dora that he was a beggar, asking her if her heart was still his. Oh, yes, its all yours, cried Dora, though in a childish way (Ch. 37). She, it could be said, was simple-hearted, generous and gentle. Mr. Spenlow, when told by David of his engagement with Dora, would never accept it; but he was to die soon. David visited Agnes and told her of his troubles, kissing her hand, which she had given him looking up with such a Heavenly face! After discussing their worries, David said, Much more than sister! and Agnes parted by the name of Brother (Ch. 39). David and Agnes, it could be considered, trust each other affectionately. How would Dora feel, we wonder, if she looked on this sight? Dora, introduced by David to Agnes, found her too clever and was afraid of her. She asked David, what relation is Agnes to you? No blood-relation, but we were brought up together, like brother and sister, replied he. Dora said, I wonder why you ever fell in love with me? (Ch. 42). Dora, surely, did know of his flirtatious disposition and she could have left him forever, but she did not. As for David, he himself chose and married Dora, who was a Fairy, a Sylph (Ch. 26), not Agnes, who had a very placid and sweet expression and was her widower fathers little housekeeper (Ch. 15). Soon David often quarreled with Dora over trifles. He said, Dora, my darling! No, I am not your darling. Because you must be sorry that you married me, or else you wouldnt reason with me! returned she. Dora, it is clear, was seeing a shadow of Agnes behind him. However, after such altercations, Dora reflectively told him she would be a wonderful housekeeper, polishing the tablets, pointing the pencil, buying an immense account-book, etc., though the figures would not add up. Now David was beginning to be known as a writer, and his child-wife, as she asked him to call her, was trying to be good (Ch. 44). It might be considered that at this moment David should have said, Dora, my darling, I love you cordially and am very happy; even if you are not good at housekeeping and figures, you should not mind it at all because you are earnestly endeavoring to be good; as you know, I too am a boyish husband as to years (Ch. 44). David, without saying such things, tried to form Doras mind, but in vain, remembering the contented days with Agnes (Ch. 48), he even considered that his own heart was undisciplined when it first loved Dora, and that there could be no disparity in marriage, like unsuitability of mind and purpose. His own heart, it can be suspec ted, was even now undisciplined because he would have been attracted by Agness clear calm eyes and gentle face more than by Doras efforts to be good; he can be regarded as flirtatious, not as devoted. Such being the case, he was much happier in the second year, the year that Dora fell ill (Ch. 48). She, with nothing left to wish for, wanted very much to see Agnes, not her two spinster aunts, adding that she always was a silly little thing and too young not merely in years but in experience, and thoughts, and everything, and that she had begun to think herself not fit to be a wife to her very clever husband. She died leaving Agnes a last charge that only Agnes would occupy this vacant place (Chs. 53 and 62). Was Dora silly or not fit to be a wife? By no means! Though she might have been childish and poor at housekeeping and figures, she was blessed with many respectable and lovable virtues; for example, she did not abandon David as a beggar, nor desert him despite her fathers will and Davids suspicious relationship with Agnes. She tried earnestly to be a good wife, accepted Agnes and Davids cleverness without defying them, looked down humbly on herself as silly and immature, and left her husband with Agnes foreseeing her death. How serious, benign, gentle and sympathetic! On the other hand, David, even though very clever, was obviously flirtatious, intolerant, and cold-hearted. He should not have introduced Dora to Agnes; far from it he should have broken off his relation with Agnes in choosing Dora, should have expressed his gratitude to her for her not abandoning him and for her trying to be good, should have been generous to her faults as Dora had been to his. He should have known tha t he had much of the responsibility for her feelings of insecurity when she said, I was too young and you are very clever and I never was (Ch. 53). After Doras death, David set out to travel to Europe, and mourned for [his] child-wife, taken from her blooming world, so young. He tried to be a better man, thinking that he might possibly hope to cancel the mistaken past, and to be so blessed as to marry Agnes (Ch. 58). Whether or not he marries her, it can be said, depends on him, but he would have to humble himself and repent, not merely cancel, the mistaken past or his flirtatious mind. He returned home after three years, and confided to Agnes, I went away, dear Agnes, loving you. I stayed away, loving you. I returned home, loving you. How inconsistent! He had said that he mourned for Dora when going away! As for Agnes, she replied, I have loved you all my life (Ch. 62). How would Dora feel if she lived to hear the conversation? Dora, it may be considered, should have left David when she first met Agnes; it might have been because of Agness covert love for him that Dora was afraid of her! Within a fortnight David married Agnes, after which she confided to him Doras last request and last charge as mentioned above, and they wept together but they would not imagine with what feelings Dora had died; also, David did not utter any words of remorse and repentance for having been unable to make Dora happy (Ch. 62). Ten years after the marriage, they had three children, and David had high income and renown as an eminent author. At this happy home, Dora was not talked of at a ll (Ch. 63). It can be concluded that David was a man of a flirtatious disposition for which reason he lacked complete devotion to Dora. As will be discussed, that very disposition was also Dickenss at that time. 4.2.2 Dickenss Flirtatious Disposition Dickens had been looked upon as a very Joseph in all that regards morality, chastity, and decorum as Reynoldss Weekly News wrote on 13 June 1858 (Letters 8: 745n.). He had been accepted as such a man publicly but was rather flirtatious-minded in his private life; in this section it will be revealed how flirtatious Dickens was. Dickens was a serious Christian-minded man, but naturally he was a man in the sense that there is no man that sinneth not (1 Kings 8: 46; 2 Chron. 6: 36; see also John 8: 37, etc.). He was rather flirtatious; as he said, not so long after his marriage, to his wife Catherine, if either of [us] fell in love with anybody else, [we] were to tell one another (Storey 96), and he did show an archly flirtatious attitude towards congenial girls and women of his acquaintance (Slater, D W 122). Six of the girls and women are taken up below. First, there was Mrs. David Colden, daughter of a banker of New York, wife of a lawyer and philanthropist of New York, and fourteen years Dickenss senior, with whom Dickens became acquainted during his first visit to America in 1842. Dickens was deeply in love with her, and wrote a love-letter to her (Slater, D W 122; Letters 3: 30n., 160, and also 242 and n, 219-20). Second, there was Eleanor Emma Picken, a lithographer and a winner of the Societyof Arts silver Isis medal in 1837, by whom Dickens was attracted. He flirted with her on the pier at Broadstairs on an evening in September 1841: Dickens seemed suddenly to be possessed with the demon of mischief; he threw his arm around me and ran me down the inclined plane to the end of the jetty till we reached the tall post. He put his other arm around this, and exclaimed in theatrical tones that he intended to hold me there till the sad sea waves should submerge usà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I implored him to let me go, and struggled hard to release myself. (Slater, D W 115) Third, there was Christiana Jane Weller, a beautiful eighteen-year-old concert pianist in Liverpool, for whom Dickens conceived an incredible feeling in 1844 (Slater, D W 88-89; Letters 4: 53n., 55, etc.). Fourth, there was Madame Emile de la Rue, wife of a Swiss banker, resident in Genoa, whose nervous disorder Dickens began to treat with his mesmerism from 23December 1844 with so much fascination as to make Catherine very unhappy. This continued for a period of years afterwards (Schlicke 375; Letters 4: 243 and n, 534n.; Letters 5: 11n.; Letters 7: 224 and n). Fifth, there was Miss Anne Romer, actress and singer. Dickens performed with her, on 20 July 1848, the farce of Used Up, in which Dickens played the bored hero Sir Charles Coldstream, and she played his lover Mary. In Act II, Sir Charles, who is in distress, asks her to say, you love me. She replies, Love you! Then he seizes her in his arms, and kisses her; they marry at the plays end (Thomson 46-49; Letters 5: 362n.). Two days after the play, Dickens wrote a letter to Mrs. Cowden Clarke, member of his Amateur Theatricals: I have no energy whateverI am very miserable. I loathe domestic hearths. I yearn to be a Vagabond (i.e. as Coldstream, disguised as a ploughboy, is called by Farmer Wurzel in Act II). Why cant I marry Mary! [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] I am deeply miserable A real house like this, is insupportable after that canvass farm wherein I was so happy (i.e. Wurzels farm). What is a humdrum dinner at half past five, with nobody (but John [i.e. CDs servant John Thompson]) to see me eat it, compared with that soup [i.e. the pea-soup that Coldstream is given by Mary in Act II], and the hundreds of pairs of eyes that watched its disappearance! (Letters 5: 374 and n; emphases added) In this quotation there can be read not only Dickenss flirtatious mind but also his loathing for domesticity. In the letter of 13 January 1849 quoted below, he even shows his dislike for Catherine: My Dear Mrs. Clarke. I am afraid that Young Gas [i.e. Dickenss name as manager of the Amateur Theatricals Company in 1848] is forever dimmed, and that the breath of calumny will blow henceforth on his stage management, by reason of his enormous delay in returning you the two pounds non forwarded by Mrs. G. [i.e. Catherine]. The proposed deduction on account of which you sent it, was never made. But had you seen him in Used up, His eye so beaming and so clear, When on his stool he sat to sup, The oxtaillittle Romer near c c you would have forgotten and forgiven all. (Letters 5: 476 and n; emphases added) Sixth, there was Miss Mary Boyle, daughter of Vice-Admiral the Hon. Sir Courtenay Boyle, second son of the 7th Earl of Cork and Orrery; she was a distant cousin of Mrs. Watsons and a miscellaneous writer and renowned amateur actress, whom Dickens first met at the Watsons Rockingham Castle on 27 November 1849. On the 29th he and Boyle played, as part of the house-party entertainments in the Hall, Sir Peter Teazle and Lady Teazle from Sheridans The School for Scandal, and also acted, from chapter 41 of Nicholas Nickleby, some scenes of the mad neighbours [i.e. Dickenss] throwing a shower of vegetables to Mrs. Nickleby [i.e. Boyle] to display his affection (Letters 5: 662 and n; Boyle 231-32; Ackroyd 606). On November 30 Dickens wrote a letter to Mrs. Watson: Plunged in the deepest gloom, I write these few words to let you know that, just now, when the bell was striking ten, I drank to H.E.R. [i.e., Mary Boyle]! adding a picture of a heart shot through by Cupids arrow (Letters 5: 663). Three days later he sent to Miss Mary Boyle a parody by him of Grays Elegy in a Country Churchyard, inspired by Mary Boyles graces in the Rockingham Castle Amateur Theatricals (Letters 5: 665 and n, 708-09), part of which is as follows: No more the host, as if he dealt at cards, Smiling deals lighted candles all about: No more the Fair (inclusive of the Bards) Persist in blowing all the candles out. ______ No more the Fair prolong the cheerful tread Of dancing feet until the lights low burn: No more the host, when they are gone to bed, Quickly retreats, foreboding their return. (Letters 5: 708) Mary Boyle joined in his theatricals on 15 January 1851 at Rockingham Castle, where she acted Mary, the lover of Sir Charles Coldstream, again played by Dickens in Used Up (Letters 6: 163n., 225 and n, 261n.; Slater, D W 404). Dickens wrote a joking, flirtatious letter, based on the play in which he disguised himself as a ploughman, to her on 25 December 1852: My own darling Mary. [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] you ant no cause to be jealous for all that I am certain beforehand as I shall a Door her O Mary when you come to read the last chapter of the next number of Bleak House I think my ever dear as you will say as him what we knows on as done a pretty womanly thing as the sex will like and as will make a sweet pin

Impact Of Globalisation For Children And Families Education Essay

Impact Of Globalisation For Children And Families Education Essay What is globalisation. Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. Globalisation has increased the production of goods and services†¦ Although globalisation is probably helping to create more wealth in developing countries it is not helping to close the gap between the worlds poorest countries and the worlds richest (BBC, 2012). As we can see from the definition of globalisation that it has created great impact on the world. Every child is different. Children vary from the way they brought up and the culture of their society and what they learn from their environment (Penn.H, 2004). Since environment, society and culture affects the children and family due to the differences in the world. We understand that globalisation impacts the world and the world indirectly impact the child through a chain of reaction (Bronfenbrenner, 1990). As you go along we will discuss on the pr ocess on how the children are being affected by globalisation by using the bronfenbrenners ecological theory and then moving on to what ways the globalisation can impact the child. From there we will look into the different kind of impact it has on the poor and the rich. Finally in our conclusion we will evaluate on how the children are being protected or given help to overcome the globalisation. Let me move from the outer layer of the ecological system to the inner layer which is where it is referred to the child. Macrosystem This is the outer most layer of the ecological system. In this system it involves the law, policies, values and customs (John.R, 2001). They are first area which been affected by the globalisation. The impact of globalisation causes the laew and policies to change and it will then have an influence on the values and customs of the people. This then interconnected and affects the next layer of the ecological system which is the exosystem. Exosystem- this system consists of Community, Society and culture (John.R, 2001). The impact of globalisation passes from macrosystem to exosystem by creating a change in the community. When law n polices changes it also brings in the change in the community. Peoples mind sets and the priority of the community changes according to how the polices and laws are being changed. This community changes are brought into home practices and even to the schools and lastly makes difference in the beliefs and culture of a family. Thats how the exosystem interconnects with mesosystem. Mesosystem this system consist of Family, School and Religon (John.R, 2001). The impact from the law connects to the community and slowly connects to the individual families of the community and as well as the schools of the community. When families are being affected by the globalisation through the chain effect it is then passed down to their children. When schools have any changes in their practices then its passed down also to the children. This impact moves to the closes layer to the child which is the microsystem. Microsystem This system consist the child himself (John.R, 2001). Now we have seen how the globalisation interconnects with one another and finally impacts the child indirectly. Through this we understand the process on how globalisation impacts the child but now we are going to see in what ways those globalisation impacts the child and the difference between the impact on the poor and the rich. We learnt that through globalisation culture and beliefs changes as well. The upbringing of a family from a low literacy family is different from the highly educated family. The poor might not understand the importance of education and childrens well being as much as the rich. Due to the rapid changing world the rich will proceed fast and their children will gain all the benefit of the changing world. Experiencing IT, and technology based school infrastructure. But the child from the poor will lose out from all the benefits due to the lack of awareness. The other reason for the impact is the finance. During globalisation, if there is a downfall it may cause high unemployment rate and it will make the community to have financial crises. When community has financial cr ises it means some member of certain families are unemployed and this would affect the ability to provide for the child, be it medical or education. This situation is mostly affected by the poor rather than the rich. It is because the rich would have a basic amount of money to sustain through the downfalls whereas the poor are solely depended on the monthly income to run their family. During globalisation when the economy is picking up it is also going to pick a toll on the poor because when economy is high the living expense gets increased. It is commented in BBC that globalisation brings in a wide gap between the poor and the rich (BBC, 2008). Therefore from here we can see that the children from the poor families are being mostly affected then the rich children. Poor families are enable to give the children the full benefits and meet the basic needs of the children like education, healthcare and even safety. The environment and the community of the poor families have great influe nce in the children. Children might get hurt from fights in the neighbourhood or even get into bad company and go into illegal activity. Whereas the community of the rich are educated and the environment is safe for the children compared to the poor. Through this it is able to see that children from the poor need help from globalisation. Many Schemes from different countries are working to help all children to gain the benefits of education, health and safety. Schemes like Triple P from Australia, Head start from USA and Sure Start from England are working towards the aim to provide the best for the children. Some schemes brought in by Singapore government to help the children to get what they deserve are subsides from Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (MCYS). Every child born in Singapore gets baby bonus to support their medical and education (MCYS, 2012). There are also different racial communities to concentrate on their racial group people and help the needy in any assistance they need. Schools come out with newsletters and parenting seminars to educate the parents on the importance childhood education and parenting skills. These schemes may be of great help for children and families to overcome the impact o f globalisation. In this assignment we have discussed on how the globalisation impacts children with the help of bronfernburrners ecological theory. We were able to see the interconnection of the world to the child. From there we broke down to the different ways globalisation can impact a child and its family and how it affects the poor and the rich. We also covered on how different nations have brought in schemes to help the families to provide the best for children. We took Singapore and listed the various ways it helped in providing the best for the child and its family. With this we evaluated that there is great impact on children due to globalisation. Referencing Penn, H, 2004. The Globalisation of Early childhood Education and Care. An Introduction to Early Childhood Studies , 2 edition, 47- 59 Government of Singapore. 2012. Ministry od community Development, Youth and Sports (MCYS). [ONLINE] Available at: http://app1.mcys.gov.sg/. [Accessed 25 October 12]. Bronfenbrenner, U. 1990. Discovering what families do. In Rebuilding the Nest: A New Commitment to the American Family . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.montana.edu/www4h/process.html. [Accessed 25 October 12]. Ryan, J, 2001. Bronfenbrenners Ecological Systems Theory. [ONLINE] Available at: http://people.usd.edu/~mremund/bronfa.pdf. [Accessed 25 October 12]. GCSE Bitesize. 2012. BBC. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/globalisation/globalisation_rev1.shtml. [Accessed 25 October 12].

Evolution versus Creationism Essay -- Evolution Bible

Evolution versus Creationism Evolution is a theory that’s based on science and more detailed evidence while Creationism is a faith-based theory. In no way is faith, a factor that influences the ideas and theories supported by scientists. As such, you really cannot compare one to the other; you have to just choose which one you believe is true although it is possible to believe in both at the same time. Since the beginning of human life, there has been a single question that has puzzled even the greatest of philosophers and scientists. Humans are, by nature, interested in their past. As a result every civilization through out time has sought to find the origin of life, and answered it to meet their needs. Early civilizations taught that there was a group of gods located on a far off mountain at the edge of the earth. These gods were responsible for everything. Civilizations grew more complex and learned more about the world around them. Soon events that were once looked at as magical or supernatural were explained and proven through logic, mathematical reasoning, and the evidence available. In the early to mid nineteenth century a scientist named Charles Darwin proposed a theory that broke the away from the common threads of reasoning that looked to deity or a higher force intervening with humans. â€Å"Darwin’s proposition was labeled Natural Selection, or more commonly referred to as The Survival of the Fittest. Charles Darwin proposed that living beings evolve, or chang...

frankenstein (not full) :: essays research papers

Differences and Similarities are used to emphasize certain aspects of things. This idea is commonly when a movie is made that is based on a book. The director of the movie may choose to keep details in his movie that adheres to the details in the book that the movie is based on. He may also choose to change some details from the book to what he perceives to be more fitting. In the case of Frankenstein the novel and the 1995 movie version of Mary Shelly?s Frankenstein, there were notable differences and similarities. The differences dealing with the education of the monster and the ending of the story, and similarity dealing with the turning point of the story help create a better understanding of this complex story. A notable difference between the book and the movie was the education of the Monster. They both focus around the Monster?s time spent watching the De Lacey?s. In the movie his time was devoted mostly to just watching the family and how they acted towards each other. He learned quite quickly how to speak and read and learned to understand the different emotions people possessed. The only justification of the Monster?s rapid learning process is that in a movie not a great deal of time can be spent on this or else the movie would drag on. Although not a lot of time was spent on showing the development of the Monster?s education in the movie, the book however went into great detail in describing its education. During his stay in the shack near the De Lacey?s cottage the Monster came across four books that would enlighten him and show the reader the learning of the Monster step by step. The first book was Volney?s Ruins of Empires.

Delorean Motor Company

DeLorean Motor Company Examining a Business Failure Michael Smith Organizational Leadership 531 September 5, 2011 Examining a Business Failure Stainless Steel. Sleek. Gull-wing doors. Back to the Future. The DMC-12 is one of the most recognizable cars in history. John DeLorean, a former engineer and executive for General Motors, founded the DeLorean Motor Company in October of 1975 (Woron, 1982). DeLorean gained popularity for designing the Pontiac GTO and the Pontiac Firebird.Many thought that John DeLorean was well on his way to being president of General Motors when he left the company in 1973 to start his own automobile company (Woron, 1982). DeLorean needed around $175 million to finance the company, yet only put up around $700,000 of his own money. For the rest, he used over 100 investors to finance his dream, including Johnny Carson and Sammy Davis Jr. (Manning, 2000). He also put over $12 million into a partnership for research and development while the British government pro duced $156 million in grants and loans in return for DeLorean locating the DMC factory in Northern Ireland (Manning, 2000).The DeLorean factory created over 2000 jobs in an area with high unemployment rates. DeLorean had multiple million-dollar homes and paid himself a large salary. When it debuted in 1981, the DMC-12’s sales could not foot the bill. The sports car had a lot of competition and was priced $8,000 higher than the Corvette (Manning, 2000). In February 1982 the British government shut the factory down, John DeLorean began a drug-smuggling scheme to save his company and was busted by the FBI. John DeLorean’s dream was over and left everyone with no return on their investment.Robbins and Judge (2011) define leadership as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. Trait theories of leadership focus on personal qualities and characteristics (Robbins and Judge, 2011). John DeLorean had every characteristic of an effectiv e leader. He was charismatic, highly successful, courageous, and influential. However, DeLorean had no emotional intelligence and without emotional intelligence a person can have outstanding training, a highly analytical mind, compelling vision, and an endless supply of great ideas, but still not be an effective leader (Robbins and Judge, 2011).DeLorean’s lack of emotional intelligence could have predicted the fall of the DeLorean Motor Company. DeLorean was not self aware, was unable to listen to what followers said, and did not read into the reactions of others. Big executives began leaving the company for a variety of reasons. Many accused DeLorean of being arrogant, disloyal, and distrustful (Woron, 1982). One executive, Robert Dewey, said, â€Å"John would surround himself with fairly intelligent people, but he wanted ‘yes' men. You can get clones to do that. When you challenged him on a point, he felt you were challenging him.You didn't have a dialogue with John. † (Woron, 1982). The fall of the DeLorean Motor Company could have potentially been prevented had John DeLorean listened to his followers. Management theories could have also predicted the failure of the DeLorean Motor Company. The contingency theory suggests that when management makes a decision they take into consideration all aspects of the current situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand (McNamara, 2011). John DeLorean failed to take all aspects into consideration.DeLorean was starting a new automobile company, yet priced his car higher than the Chevrolet Corvette, Porshe 944, and Mazda RX-7, despite it having less power (Woron, 1982). All of these cars already had a reputation, DeLorean’s DMC-12 did not. He also based the company in Ireland at a time when foreign cars were generally less expensive than those made in the United States. The downfall of the DeLorean Motor Company is largely due to its organizational structure. The comp any’s organizational structure was very centralized, all the power rested at a single point (Mintzberg, Lampel, Quinn, and Ghoshal, 2003).John DeLorean wanted to be that single point of power in his organization, but had over 100 investors. The company also had an innovative strategy, striving to achieve meaningful and unique innovations (Robbins and Judge, 2011). DeLorean chose to build his factory in Northern Ireland to take advantage of low worker wages and for easy access into the European market (Woron, 1982). However, the location of the factory proved to be more an obstacle for DeLorean as he struggled to spend time in Ireland.Delorean’s other innovations included gull-wing doors and stainless steel body panels, but the cars ultimately had to be shipped to U. S. quality control centers to have the door fix the doors and realign body panels. The car ultimately received bad reviews stating the car was heavy, overpriced, and easily showed dirt (Woron, 1982). John D eLorean failed to break-even with the DMC-12 and the factory shut down in 1982. John DeLorean was acquitted of all drug trafficking charges. In 1998 and New York jury ruled that DeLorean’s accounting firm owed investors $46 million, plus $65 million in interest.A man that was once a pioneer had hit rock bottom largely due to excessive spending and his imagination far exceeding his execution. Today, the DeLorean Motor Company is based out Texas with no ties to John DeLorean or his family. The Texas based company acquired all rights to the name and the inventory that was never used (DeLorean Motor Company, 2011). The car is one of the most recognizable in history and has developed a cult following. Had John DeLorean done things differently, his company could have been much more successful. References DeLorean Motor Company. 2011). Retrieved from http://www. delorean. com/q;a. asp Manning, J. (2000). The rise and fall of John DeLorean. Retrieved from http://eightiesclub. tripod. com/id305. htm McNamara, C. (2011). Management help. Retrieved from http://managementhelp. org/management/theories. htm Mintzberg, H. , Lampel, J. , Quinn, J. B. , ; Ghoshal, S. (2003). The strategy process: Concepts, contexts, cases (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Woron, W. (1982). Dreaming the impossible – The DeLorean and its predecessors . Automobile Quarterly, 21(2).

Law Enforcement Essay

In the US, the role of the police is known by many as â€Å"to protect and preserve†. While this phrase is ideal for public relations purposes, it tends to greatly oversimplify the role played by the law enforcement officers. This is especially because they usually face numerous challenges and end up performing much more than law enforcement and by extension, order maintenance. However, when these challenges hamper the effectiveness of the police roles, the criticism is often directed at the law enforcement administrators. If I were a department head, although there are numerous problems that are faced by law enforcement administrators, I would regard increased crime rates as my number one concern. Among the problems that law enforcement administrators have to deal with are the political aspects of their work. Here, it is important to note that even if it may not be obvious from far, these administrators, having been appointed by political leaders have to serve some political interests. The administrators thus have to combine several roles as the top law enforcement officer, part administrator, and part politician. The other problem is deviance and corruption among law enforcement officers. Although police corruption is not as high as it was in history, it is still a major hindrance in the attempts by administrators to ensure that their officers on the ground dispense their roles as required under their employment terms. As I had already mentioned, as a department head, I would view increased crime rates as the major problem that law enforcement administrators have to address. In the US, although there have been relentless efforts to bring crime rates as down as possible, this has proved to be a hard task to accomplish. In fact, the relevant authorities have only managed to produce a wave of statistics where crime rates fall and rise almost in equal measures. Notably, at the helm of this major concern are law enforcement administrators who tend to receive all the blame despite the fact that the  police officers at work could be the real failures. Additionally, the administrators not only have to deal with the concerned community, but also political leaders and interest groups such as NGOs. This explains why whenever there is a security crisis, calls are usually made demanding for the resignation of or increased responsibility on the part of the administrators and not the police officers. This in tu rn puts a lot of pressure on the administrators especially in cases where they are being failed by the police officers under them. Some of them even resort to resign as a measure to evade the numerous fingers pointed at them. One of the measures that I would take to address increased crime rates would be to engage the community involved in what is known as community policing. I would seek to identify the root causes of increased crimes after which I would engage both individuals and groups in the community in establishing ideal solutions. I would also ensure open and constant communication with the police officers so that I can as well identify any issues that may be hindering them from attending to their duties properly. I am positive that these two measures would come in handy in either providing a solution or laying a foundation for development of viable solutions. In conclusion, although law enforcement administrators have to keep in check various challenges, I view the major one as increase in crime rates. This problem puts the administrators on focus by diverse groups, which may place unbearable pressure on them. If I were a department head, I would practice effective community policing, as well as engage the police officers working under me to bring the crime rates down.

The Outsiders

The Outsiders by S. E Hinton, the author argues that heroism defines a person by their actions not by their background, history, or looks. The events at the church, the incidents that happened before the church and the aftermath all show the changes that happened over time that would eventually negate Ponyboys history and background and regard him as a hero.There are different points of heroism in the story and different forms of eroism in the story but for now we are going to look at the most important three, Cherry acting as a spy, Ponyboy rescuing the kids and what he was defined by before he was a hero. Ponyboy is very much defined as a hero after the events that happened at the church in which he rescued all those kids from death by grabbing them out of the burning church. He did out of courage and kindness and was praised as a hero for it. â€Å"Mrs.O'briant and I think you were sent straight from heaven. Or are you Just professional heroes or something? Sent from heaven? Had he gotten a good look at Dallas? â€Å"No were greasers† I said. I was too worried and scared to appreciate the fact that he was trying to be funny. mfou're what? † â€Å"Greasers you know like hoods, ID's. Johnny is wanted for murder, and Dallas has a record with the fuzz a mile long. â€Å"(95). The quote present here relates to the theme and explains the ambulance driver overlooking his past and still appreciating him as a hero.The author is putting emphasis on the heroism in the quote and that no matter what background heroes ome from, they are looked upon for their actions and the same applied for Ponyboy and what he did for those kids. The reason that he was looked upon as a hero was because of his actions, but what was he defined as before the church? He was a greaser, Just your average every day greaser who was looked upon as a hood, a thief, and Juvenile delinquent to society. â€Å"It was my pride. It was long and silky, Just like sodas only a little bit re dder.Our hair was tuff – we didn't have to use much grease on it. Our hair labeled us greasers too – it was our trademark. The one thing we were proud of. Maybe we couldn't corvairs or madras shirts, but we could have hair. † Ponyboys pride was his hair and that's what he considered himself to be defined by. It was a painful change for him to make when he had to cut it off. When Johnny told ponyboy that he is going to cut their hair ponyboy replied by stating the previous quote. Ponyboy could have been defined as a hero before the events at the church in a different way and from a different perspective.He could be a hero in Johnnys eyes or sticking with him ever since he killed the Socs Bob to him lying in his death bed. He is a hero for standing by his friends through the good and the bad. Although Ponyboy is the most notable hero in the story there are others who did other things such as Cherry acting as a spy for the Greases and giving them info. In the end al l of the different stories of heroism in the story all relate back to the main theme heroism is defined by your actions not by your background, history, or looks. The Outsiders By Pancakewaffe The Outsiders Search for Self Conflict arises between two incomparable social groups, resulting in tragic deaths. In the novel The Outsiders by S. E Hint, two separate gangs, the Soc and Greasers, are at constant contention. The Outsiders takes place In Oklahoma, the sass's. Hint uses the character, Pony Curtis to explain why It doesn't matter what social position you are In. The message she Is trying to get across to the readers Is you are your own person, and you don't have to be classified as anyone else but yourself.Throughout the novel Pony becomes more sophisticated, by learning to reaffirm is own values and sense of self. He progressively matures through the course of the novel in many different ways by experiencing things he would have never imagined going through. Pony never admired the girls that were Greasers but one night he found the girl of his dreams. Unfortunately, she was a Soc and she had different standards for her romantic companion. Pony knows his position in society but that never held him back from falling for the delectable Cherry Valance.Heartbreaking for him, she was more of the girl to fall for â€Å"bad-boys† unlike Pony. It wasn't Johnny's fault Bob was a booze-hound and Cherry went for boys bound for By the end of the novel, Pony finally comes to the realization of thinking of Cherry as more of a friend, rather than having romantic affections for her. He shows sensitivity and understanding by appreciating their differences and accepting her feelings towards him. A second way Pony has changed is by learning the consequences of his own mistakes and wrong doings.After Running away was always Pony supreme speculation on finding a place he felt acknowledgment, â€Å"Come on, Johnny, we're running )After coming home late, his older protective brother Dairy, who has taken over responsibility of Pony and Soda after their parents passed away, is very furious with him. As a result of his outrage, he ends up hitting Pony. Devastated, Pony runs away , and relies on one of the gang members to keep him up to date on what Is going on. He Is then stuck In an abandoned church starving for news to come from his confidant.As a result of his actions, Pony learns how big of an Impact his family and friends have n him. The biggest impact that changed Pony throughout the novel was the realization of his brother's feelings towards him. In the beginning of the novel, Pony is rebellious against his oldest brother Dairy, â€Å"Me and Dairy just didn't dig each other. â€Å"(p. 13)He felt like Dairy was only out to get after him, and that Pony was never exceptional enough. Even though Dairy is stricter than their parents, he was only trying to make the best of Pony, which he came to realize at the end. Dairy did care about me, maybe as much as he cared about Soda, and because he eared he was trying too hard to make something of me. â€Å"(p. 98)After trying to block Dairy out, Pony finally figured it out for himself after seeing the agony h e has put Dairy through.

The bet

It was another lonely night for Mrs Maloney as she sat in her armchair in the middle of her living room with a cup of tea. Her husband had been out all day again in the bookmaker's; it was if he lived there. Eventually he came home and Mrs Maloney had prepared them both dinner, but his had gone cold because she had already eaten hers earlier hoping he would have been there so they could enjoy it together. â€Å"Hello dear I made you some dinner in the kitchen, you'll have to heat it up because its gone a bit cold now† she told him nervously. He replied negatively â€Å"Alright woman let me breath I've only just got in the door!† She could tell he had been in the pub as well the way he staggered in the door. Mrs Maloney quietly started watching television again when she heard Mr Maloney groaning from the kitchen. Then she walked in to see what was wrong, it was just him complaining again. She let him carry on eating it but sat down at the table with him. She asked, â€Å"So how was your day dear?† But he replied, â€Å"Let me finish my dinner first† So she did. â€Å"My day was crap, I didn't win anything† Mr Maloney told her. â€Å"My day wasn't brilliant either, but I found something out† She informed, â€Å"What's that then?† Mr Maloney asked, â€Å"You know Jim from the butchers.† She replied â€Å"Yes† he said curiously † Well his wife is expecting a baby. Isn't it great news† she replied. Mr Maloney responded with no interest † yeah great news.† â€Å"I wish we could have had a baby.† She said. â€Å"Well it's too late your fifty six now and I can't be asked.† He exclaimed, but some of it was the beer talking. She felt really depressed now like someone had just died. It was getting late so Mrs Maloney decided to go to bed; on the way up the stairs she asked, † Are you coming up dear?† He groaned â€Å"in a minute† Later when she was tucked up in bed she heard Mr Maloney switch the lights off and slowly creep up the stairs. As he entered Mrs Maloney pretended t be asleep so he wouldn't say anything. He climbed into the bed and gradually dozed off. The next morning she woke up and gave a big stretch only to find that Mr Maloney had gone. Mrs Maloney didn't make a big deal out of it and carried on as if it were a normal day, which in fact it was. After she had eaten and got changed she watched the television to check out today's news. It announced that the Grand National was running today, â€Å"that's why he's shot off then.† She told herself. She grabbed her coat and dashed to the town centre where the bookmaker's is. When she arrived it was rammed with people all doing their shopping there was hardly room to breathe, but she started searching for the bookmakers to find Mr Maloney. Mrs Maloney eventually found it but she just stood there outside thinking of what would happen if she went in. She picked up her courage and opened the door and everyone inside stared at her, she felt intimidated. She scanned around looking for her husband only to find he wasn't there. Meanwhile Mr Maloney was in his favourite bookmakers, which was in a nearby village about fifteen minutes away from his house. He had bet half his savings on this race because he had a feeling he was going to win. The race was about to start and Mr Maloney had been waiting around an hour for this. He was with his friend Robert who always went with him to bookmakers; they were like a partnership because they were never alone in the place. He told Robert â€Å"I know I'm going to win this time, I just know it.† But Robert replied â€Å"yeah same old story every time† then the race was off and the horses roared out of the starting blocks. Mr Maloney was shouting at the television â€Å"come on red lightning!† he watched with his glued to the screen but the horse was failing him as usual. The race was coming to an end and red lightning was not winning but Mr Maloney didn't care about that anymore, he was more worried about the fact that he'd lost half his savings. He then threw his ticket into bin and shot out the door aggressively to go home. When he arrived home he went into the house. He asked † Mary we're you?† but there was no reply. He then went into the kitchen she wasn't there either. Then he went upstairs to the bedroom and seen a note on the bed. He took it downstairs because he needed his glasses. He read it and it said † I cant live with you anymore because you are driving me crazy. I did a bet on the horses and won so I have enough money to start a new life, sorry but its for the best, yours Mary.† He was angry and swung his arm across the mantelpiece knocking of all the crystal. Then he picked up a bottle and poured a glass of whisky, after he drank it he threw the glass up the wall and it shattered all over the floor. Then he fell to his knees and cried out â€Å"how could you do this to me!† and he fell into over and cried. The bet It was another lonely night for Mrs Maloney as she sat in her armchair in the middle of her living room with a cup of tea. Her husband had been out all day again in the bookmaker's; it was if he lived there. Eventually he came home and Mrs Maloney had prepared them both dinner, but his had gone cold because she had already eaten hers earlier hoping he would have been there so they could enjoy it together. â€Å"Hello dear I made you some dinner in the kitchen, you'll have to heat it up because its gone a bit cold now† she told him nervously. He replied negatively â€Å"Alright woman let me breath I've only just got in the door!† She could tell he had been in the pub as well the way he staggered in the door. Mrs Maloney quietly started watching television again when she heard Mr Maloney groaning from the kitchen. Then she walked in to see what was wrong, it was just him complaining again. She let him carry on eating it but sat down at the table with him. She asked, â€Å"So how was your day dear?† But he replied, â€Å"Let me finish my dinner first† So she did. â€Å"My day was crap, I didn't win anything† Mr Maloney told her. â€Å"My day wasn't brilliant either, but I found something out† She informed, â€Å"What's that then?† Mr Maloney asked, â€Å"You know Jim from the butchers.† She replied â€Å"Yes† he said curiously † Well his wife is expecting a baby. Isn't it great news† she replied. Mr Maloney responded with no interest † yeah great news.† â€Å"I wish we could have had a baby.† She said. â€Å"Well it's too late your fifty six now and I can't be asked.† He exclaimed, but some of it was the beer talking. She felt really depressed now like someone had just died. It was getting late so Mrs Maloney decided to go to bed; on the way up the stairs she asked, † Are you coming up dear?† He groaned â€Å"in a minute† Later when she was tucked up in bed she heard Mr Maloney switch the lights off and slowly creep up the stairs. As he entered Mrs Maloney pretended t be asleep so he wouldn't say anything. He climbed into the bed and gradually dozed off. The next morning she woke up and gave a big stretch only to find that Mr Maloney had gone. Mrs Maloney didn't make a big deal out of it and carried on as if it were a normal day, which in fact it was. After she had eaten and got changed she watched the television to check out today's news. It announced that the Grand National was running today, â€Å"that's why he's shot off then.† She told herself. She grabbed her coat and dashed to the town centre where the bookmaker's is. When she arrived it was rammed with people all doing their shopping there was hardly room to breathe, but she started searching for the bookmakers to find Mr Maloney. Mrs Maloney eventually found it but she just stood there outside thinking of what would happen if she went in. She picked up her courage and opened the door and everyone inside stared at her, she felt intimidated. She scanned around looking for her husband only to find he wasn't there. Meanwhile Mr Maloney was in his favourite bookmakers, which was in a nearby village about fifteen minutes away from his house. He had bet half his savings on this race because he had a feeling he was going to win. The race was about to start and Mr Maloney had been waiting around an hour for this. He was with his friend Robert who always went with him to bookmakers; they were like a partnership because they were never alone in the place. He told Robert â€Å"I know I'm going to win this time, I just know it.† But Robert replied â€Å"yeah same old story every time† then the race was off and the horses roared out of the starting blocks. Mr Maloney was shouting at the television â€Å"come on red lightning!† he watched with his glued to the screen but the horse was failing him as usual. The race was coming to an end and red lightning was not winning but Mr Maloney didn't care about that anymore, he was more worried about the fact that he'd lost half his savings. He then threw his ticket into bin and shot out the door aggressively to go home. When he arrived home he went into the house. He asked † Mary we're you?† but there was no reply. He then went into the kitchen she wasn't there either. Then he went upstairs to the bedroom and seen a note on the bed. He took it downstairs because he needed his glasses. He read it and it said † I cant live with you anymore because you are driving me crazy. I did a bet on the horses and won so I have enough money to start a new life, sorry but its for the best, yours Mary.† He was angry and swung his arm across the mantelpiece knocking of all the crystal. Then he picked up a bottle and poured a glass of whisky, after he drank it he threw the glass up the wall and it shattered all over the floor. Then he fell to his knees and cried out â€Å"how could you do this to me!† and he fell into over and cried.