Zodiac Sign

Thomas Hotte Ms. Boyd Personality profile geological period 3 The article on Cancer fits me for the most part. It says my positive traits argon loyal, dependable, caring, adaptable, and responsive. A bumcer is a very complex person when it comes to independence. Theyre very contradicting and theyre independence has to do with there state of mind.Im resembling the description of a heapcer because it says we have the perseverance and drive to do what we need to do and can be self-importance sufficient. Although we dont need someone to depend or we opt to have someone there to help and support us like our family and close friends. Whats not as accurate is that it says we crave guardianship but I dont like drawing direction to myself most of the time, I usually just like blending in. ilk the horoscope says I am loyal to my friends and family who appreciate me and support me.I perpetually do look out for my friends and I hate seeing my friends who argon girls be sad so I always try to impinge on them feel better like it says. Its also true that even though im good at listening to other people I neer talk about my own feelings. Its also true because once I get past all of my emotional and personal problems I can do whatever I set my mind to I wouldnt really say im psychic but I can be intuitive at times intelligent and observing. i have currency and financial sensibility. I am complex, unpredictable, and tempermental. Im not really a thin person, a lot of things dont bother me. I can be

Econ 256 Final

2. Why do economists broadly regard median income as a better measure of a typical Americans well-being than mean income? Dfiodifaje 3. Why do the United States, and many an(prenominal) other counties, attain antitrust laws on the books? Whats so harmful virtually oligopoly that warrants an entire body of law? The United States and many other countries have antitrust laws on the books to protect their consumers in their different markets. Having the abilities to both elevation and lower prices are the reasons that oligopolies are so harmful. . Two consumers go to the policy participation to purchase some life indemnity. James is a stag party and a law officer who races motorcycles in his spare time. Kathy is a nonsmoking car and a librarian who likes to make quilts in her spare time. The insurance company knows that both consumers are 40 years old, but the company has no information about occupations or hobbies. How does the private information in this locating create an ad verse-selection problem? How could the insurance company lessen this problem?Without conditioned the background information on the potential clients, insurance companies are without the king to call in that while James is risking his life as a police officer, he is also a smoker and racer. Hes position his life on the line and still increasing the risk of injuries. The insurance should have a line on their application that asks for applicants for their occupation, whether they are smokers or if they drink, and lastly what they enjoy doing in their spare time.With having this information, the company can see what each of the individuals really needs insurance-wise. 6. Jane works part-time and earns $12,000 per year. Because she is below the indigence line, she also earns $4,000 in various welfare benefits. Suppose she is offered a unused job that would pay her $15,000 and would bring her earnings high enough so that she no longer qualified for any welfare benefits. This is what is known as a notch. Explain what is happening with Jane and how could we modify the system to steal the notch.

Girl Power Essay

Sensitivity epitome helps to test the sensitivity of the optimum firmness of purpose with respect to changes of the coefficients in the nonsubjective function, coefficients in the constraints inequalities, or the constant terms in the constraints.For Example in the case study discussedThe actual selling prices (or market values) of the both products whitethorn vary from quantify to time. Over what ranges buns these prices change without affecting the optimality of the fork out solution?Will the present solution remain the optimum solution if the amount of raw materials, production time, or storage space is short changed because of shortages, machine failures, or other events?The amount of each type of re root words required to produce one unit of each type of product can be either increased or decreased slightly. Will such(prenominal) changes affect the optimal solution ?The Input or Arrival bear onThe input process is usu all(prenominal)y called the arrival process.Arrival s be called customers.We assume that no more than one arrival can occur at a given instant.If more than one arrival can occur at a given instant, we say that bulk arrivals are allowed.Models in which arrivals are drawn from a small population are called finite source models.If a customer arrives but fails to put down the system, we say that the customer has balkedThe getup or Service ProcessTo describe the output process of a queuing system, we usually specify a probability distribution the good time distribution which governs a customers service time.We study two arrangements of servers servers in parallel and servers in series.Servers are in parallel if all servers provide the same type of service and a customer call for only pass by means of one server to complete service.Servers are in series if a customer must pass through several servers before completing service.Queue DisciplineThe queue cultivate describes the method used to determine the order inwhich customers a re served.The most(prenominal) common queue take aim is the FCFS discipline (first come, first served), in which customers are served in the order of their arrival.Under the LCFS discipline (last come, first served), the most modern arrivals are the first to enter service.If the next customer to enter service is randomly chosen from those customers waiting for service it is referred to as the SIRO discipline (service in random order).Finally we consider priority queuing disciplines.A priority discipline classifies each arrival into one of several categories.Each category is thusly given a priority level, and within each priority level, customers enter service on a FCFS basis.

Management and Planning Essay

Planning involves in both aspect of peoples life. If an respective(prenominal) wants to procure success, he or she must(prenominal)(prenominal) have a appropriate preparation. It is in any case the same in avocation. Organizations that fail to figure ar homework to fail, I do agree with this opinion. A be subsequently demonstrates your intentions, mission, vision and method to carry it place. It is an grave part of doing melody. Without formulation, an presidency whitethorn not operate smoothly and may lead to failure. This essay will examine both the advantages and disadvantages of intentionning and put dump why formulatening is essential in business.In this era of hyper-competition, globalisation and technological revolution, companies ar forced to exact speedy decisivenesss in holy ordering to keep up with the market. Responding to the pressure of reservation quick and salutary choices, many firms have reduced or even emulated the date exclusivelyo cated to planning. Based on how rapid the market change in today business, cut down planning in doing business seems to be appropriated since the uncertainty and fast quantify of entrepreneurial warrant quick action. (Matherne, 2004, p. 156) But should founders of new-made ventures plan or should they act immediately?Is planning calm down a useful bodily summons in doing business? Lets take a cipher at planning and what acquires it brings to business. Planning is an activity which consists of defining the giving medications goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals and development a comprehensive set of goals to fuse and mastermind activities. It is the primary functions of attention since it sets the basic path for managers in organizing, trail and controlling their cooperation.Planning shadower also be defined in terms of buckram or informal. (Robbins, DeCenzo, Coulter & Woods, 2012, p. 6). Most managers do planning in their industrial plant whether it is informal like planning in their brainiac or range up a formal plan after(prenominal) c befully examined the situation and collect beliefs from the staffs. Informal plans be r bely scripted down onto paper and publicly announced to other people. In contrast, formal planning al commissions takes bents of sequence and effort of many people. The goals are specific and set with a period of time to achieve. Although it takes time, effort and not al styluss guarantee success but formal planning is even remain as a priority thing to do for both manager.Planning establishes goals and direction for organizations. With a clear mission and vision, employees commode coordinate their work together and managers chamberpot desex sure that they are on the right span. Goals can also improve the performance of a firm. Latham (2004, p. 216) declared that a goal is a standard of for assessing ones propitiation. Achieving a goal will not only bring rewards and praises to indi vidual but it can increase their satisfaction. When ones morale is high, he or she will have a tendency to work discontinue and expect a more(prenominal) difficult challenge.It is always a benefit for companies when staffs commit to their work and demand unverbaliseder mission. Also, with a bill by step direction, people will not be distracted from outside factors that sham performance. Wasteful, overlapping activities and uncertainty are reduced through planning. In the process of planning, managers have to anticipate changes, gather information and develop responses which help keep off mistakes. (Robbins et al. , 2012, p. 86). It allows people to make faster decisions since things have been predicted and unnecessary trials do not have to be conducted.Planning also helps people manage their resources, minimizing factors that can slow down their activities. By fine-looking an idea about the accessibility of resources, the efficiency and effectiveness of works will be increas ed. (Delma & Shane, 2003, p. 1167). Furthermore, planning provides time for each mission so that each person can track their own process and organize the work to keep up with the hearty connection. One thing that contributes to the important of formal planning in business is strategic planning. It is proved that the relationship surrounded by strategic planning and organization performance is positive.The standard theory of strategic concern surrounds planning of a mission and objectives, implementing a hierarchy of strategies to achieve and controlling to ensure the goals are achievable. The purpose of strategic planning is to make organizations management be pose more effective. Combine these two things, indirect improvements of performance could occur. (Falshaw, Glaister & Tatoglu, 2006, p. 12). Moreover, devising a strategic plan means manager have to go through the process of collecting data, forecasting, modeling and creating alternatives to suffice to unexpected scenari o.strategic planning also promotes long term thinking, reduces uncertainty, identifies and evaluates alternatives strategies. By doing that organization with proper plans has already had an advantage to those that dont. There is a link between company size and the use of strategic instruments. As smaller companies take less time, resources and knowledge, they have a tendency to cut down on planning process and focus more on operational activities. The more the companies grow, the more formal the plan will be. Big enterprises have static structure so it is more suitable to planning.Also with more resources in term of personnel office, knowledge and time, it will be easier to have a sincere strategic plans. (Kraus, Reiche & Reschke, 2007, p. 11-12). However, new ventures should not skip the planning process since it is a guideline for long term success. Plans will remind managers about the goals and big clues on responding to changes. If a new firm just focus on operational detai ls, it might be voiceless for them to grow bigger. Therefore, a plan could be useful in maintaining as well as developing the company. Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana is an example of successful planning.The university was severe discredited in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina. By 2006, it was reopened thanks to the renewal plan created by its students. The plan is based on the current situation of the university at that time. after going through many processes and revisions, taken student affairs goals accordingly, the university could award the disasters aftermath in the best way. (Cherry & Clark, 2010). Having a plan does not guarantee success. There are criticisms about how formal planning were long and does not bring as many worthwhile suggestions as it should.As the business milieu is often changed with a fast pace, a long process like making strategic plans may not give managers suitable choices at certain time. In order to respond to an uncertain environment, plans h ave to be flexible, but that is what formal planning lacks. A traditional strategic plan is created with specific goals and limited time to achieve those goals. It creates rigidity and may lead to failure if the managers follow the plan purely without paying attention to changes. Strategic planning is useful when it drive decision making.Surprisingly, according to Mankins and Steele (2006, p. 77), the structure and timing of strategic planning make it hard to produce a good decision. In their survey which confirmed what they discovered over many years, only 2. 5 major strategic decisions are made from companies with standard planning. It demonstrates the fact that, traditional planning model is out of sync from what executives and managers want or need. Therefore, organizations should change their approach in planning. Plans must be specific but also flexible so that managers can respond to changes better without going off track.A successful plan can also be a path leading to disa ster. Since it is hard for people to leave their comfort zone and try fewthing new. Success may breed success, but it can also breed failure, especially in an uncertain environment. (Robbins et al. , 2012, p. 87). Unfortunately, business environment is very unpredictable and with the development of new technology, a plan can be out of date in a short period of time. In order to remain successful, managers must face uncertainty and brave enough to make changes.Nowadays, in some organizations, planning just contributes a small part in their success. The decisions are made based on sparse information and rely upon shortcuts or heuristics to save time. (Kirsch, GoldFarb & Gera, 2008, p. 487). Another way is making decisions based on substantial works. Some of those organizations do success with that method. The best example must be Google. It is a company well-known for freedom at workplace and the mass of its plans are informal. Employees can do whatever they want, work with whoever they like and they can spend 20% of time on their own project.A company with little structure like that is now very successful and systematically outperformed their competitors in stock market since 1998 (Gargiulo, 2011). Googles success does not come from those long and unrealistic plans but come from the way they manage people. Motivation, giving benefits and making employees excited going to work are the keys to their success. Managers at Google make their staffs feel like family at workplace. Although there is downside of not having a plan. It could be difficult to figure out the responsibility of each person.Google had no good representative for the company at a Belgian law suit. (Schjndel, 2012, p. 17). Still, the benefits are more than enough to make up for problems caused by unstructured way of operating. At the age of 18, I know the important of planning in a persons life. Most of my failure in the historical came from not having a suitable plan or having no plan at all . I used to do thing at the hold out minutes, therefore, the result was not as good as it should be, especially in study. I now pay more attention to planning and after practicing for a period of time, my planning skill has improved a lot.When making a plan, I analyze what I need to do, then fix the task in order and give time to each task. Since the works have become structure, I not only save my time but the efficiency and effectiveness of my works have increased. However, I still have a lot to improve in my planning skill. The plans cannot make impact if you do not carry it out. Sometimes, I made plans and did not do it. Moreover, some of my goals were very hard to achieve. These kinds of goals need a lot of effort and you may not achieve it after all.In order to prepare for future management challenge, I will practice analyzing the situations, setting more realistic goals and arrange my work more logically. I also find some part time jobs that demand planning or management ski lls to have practical experience. Practicing in a business environment will help me have a better understanding of all the things I studied as well as give me an idea of how managers do their work. Spending more time research about management theory to expand my knowledge and finding a suitable bolt to manage people. By doing that my skill will theoretically and practically improved.I will make a plan to develop my skill in a short time so that I can be more confident in dealing with future challenges in my life. In conclusion, planning is still a useful process for any organization regardless of its size. Formal planning give companies a structure way of operating. Based on the plans managers can at least maintain a stable level of performance and avoid unnecessary mistake. It is also a stepping stone for developing organizations. Although it still remains some disadvantages but naught is perfect. Planning is just a tool to help managers run the business comfortably.Whether an or ganization success or not depends on variety of factors the environment, personnel and so on. It is up to the managers to make adjustment when unexpected things occurs and make the right decisions. In an era where changes happen at a fast paced, having a plan means better preparation and better fortunes to achieve success. That is why planning is essential and every business should take planning seriously even though it is a long as well as hard process. The benefits it brings worth the effort. If you fail to plan, there is a high chance that you are planning to fail.

Philosophical Reflection Essay

In the words of Socrates, the Great Greek philosopher, The unexamined life is not worth life sentence. One of the major things that distinguish man from other animals is his ability to ruminate. To be is to be conscious and to be conscious means to be in full awargon and thoughtful. In a world where different belief systems are flying around, man needs to test all things and hold on to that which is certain. We should pattern our lives in such a way that we separate trueness from illusion and make decisions after careful or critical consideration.philosophical reflection is the careful examination of life situations. This involves the weighing of several alternatives and victimisation specific standards to evaluate ones actions. A man reflects philosophically when he is able to build on previous actions, events, or decisions. This indwelling attribute spells the difference between man and other lower animals whose terms of action is their feeling. Making an assessment of my life , i will say that philosophical reflection has been a part of my life.I learnt the importance of making the recompense choices early in life. My father used to tell me You are what you do. I guess this made me develop a cautious strength towards making decisions and evaluating issues before coming to a conclusion. I have great(p) up to see things from different points of view. I do not induce a view because of who said it, rather, i put all things into interrogation in order to hold on to that which is true.Before making a decision, i draw up a probable conclusion on the eventualities and weigh up the effect of my actions. I believe the wisest of men rotter learn from a fool and in view of this, i do not write-off anybody. I carefully and critically examine a pre-existing belief before incorporating it as my belief system. As i have discovered, many of the things people believe are lies and illusions. I do not attach sentiments to whatever i do because this will put up my jud gement astray. Reference

Care planning for individual needs Essay

C ar planning to meet the bang unavoidably of an roundbody (P4, M3, D2) What are the potential differences in offers care needs at wholly the different life stages?ChildhoodIn offers childhood, she grew up in mining t accept which may halt been detrimental to her health due to the dust particles and other substance that could read been brought up from the mine, she has stated that when she was growing up, that there was ice on the within of the window, that the house was cerstwhile(a) and damp, and that she remembers having Bronchitis every year and having three weeks off in infant and junior school. S aloney similarly said that she remember when she was secondary that she was told of for having the back door wide open because it was so hot she did non know why until a lot of years later when her mammy said that she had morbilli which was very serious and that she could of died from it. She also states that when she was eleven, that she and her parents moved in to a house with central heating. deviances in Sallys care Not having central heating from an early age, she also contracted bronchitis and measles which could have been detrimental to her health.AdolescenceSally has said that in her teens, she experienced genuinely bad period pains and that she was taken out of education because of it, scarce she also says that she was prescribed with tablets that made her really drowsy and sleepy notwithstanding she says that it took the pain away. Differences in sallys care Every young woman in their teens will at some point start having periods, some girls will have really bad pains from it and some wont, in Sallys case she would have needed medication to athletic supporter relieve the pain and have a general practitioner that would be allowed to get prescribed her the medication.AdulthoodWhen Sally was twenty years old she said that she experienced a lot of burning in her throat, and that she could not eat properly, thats she had to have a endoscopy (a camera put mound her throat to determine what it was) and the surgeon found out that Sally had a relaxed muscle at the top of her oesophagus/gullet. This was because her stomach acidulent could effluence in to her throat, she says that the doctor gave her some medication and that she would have to take it all her life, and that she had to be careful in bending down/over, and that she had to sleep on a slant which she says was veryuncomfortable, moreover she had to so that the stomach acid would not travel out of her stomach and in to her mouth.Sally also states that she had a miscarriage in her middle twenties and an ectopic maternalism (when the embryo implants itself outside of the uterus) alone she at long last had a baby and past two more. She then decided to go on to the contraceptive check so that she could not have any more children. Difference in Sallys care Burning in her throat because of a relaxed muscle, having an endoscopy put down her throat thats would have been very preternatural for her and a bit scary as well. Having a miscarriage would attract her a bit scared of having children in the future as it would for any women and then having an ectopic pregnancy as well but eventually she have her own children, 3 of them.Adulthood and Later AdulthoodSally says that when she was in her thirties, she was in a car accident and unfortunately her teething were smashed on impact, Sally had to have some dental become and she had to have porcelain veneers, Sally really hated the fact that she has not got her own teeth as she states that she took great care of them. Sally is now 61 years of age and she says also that that she went through the menopause in her fifties and that she still suffers from night excrete and hot flushes now and again, she has to wear supply as that her eye sight has weakened and that she also suffers from arthritis in her fingers.Difference in sallys careBeing in a car accident, unfortunately this is quite common as that there are a lot of bad drivers out on the road but having all her teeth smashed well thats not as common, this would have been another life experience for Sally having to lose all of her teeth and having fake ones. Going through menopause this generally get hold to all women in the fifties and it can make women quite conscious about themselves, to make it even worst she still suffers from night sweats which will make her sweaty and she may be concerned that she smells when around others. philia sight she has to wear glasses so that would be something new for her but again is quite common in elder age and so is arthritis.

Benjamin Franklin: from an Apprentice to a Founding Father

As one of the founding fathers of the United States, Benjamin Franklin was a key figure in shaping the history of America. But plane more so, he was a highly individualistic character, and showed a au thustically dynamic reputation when compared to the early leaders of American history. His unique personality has been admired by those throughout history for his pragmatism, his soothing nature and mightiness to act as a mediator menuh others. He was known for his leadership skills, and respected as a writer, visionary, philosopher and inventor.Benjamin Franklin is still relevant today from students larn about his science experiments to the printing and technical industries benefiting from his inventions. Probably the most grandiose quality about Franklin is the fact that he appealed to the everyday working variant stack. Born in Boston in 1706 to Abiah and Josiah Franklin, his father was a chandler and strap maker from England (Benjamin Franklin In count of a Better World, 2005). Early on the young Ben Franklin was intrigued by engageing and writing.One of his first inspirations was The Spectator essay write by Richard Steele and Joseph Addison. Franklin was impressed with the authors passages about the vanities and values of contemporary life. He read the essays as a learning experience. After reading the pages he indeed re-wrote the text in his own words and evaluated what he could correct and then enhanceeventually creating his own unique, writing style. In addition to the essays of the day, he also immersed himself in the books that he borrowed from friends who worked for local book masters.In 1721 his brother crowd to stimulateher started the New England Courant, and the 16-year-old Benjamin wrote articles for it under an assumed name. Knowing his brother would non let him write for the written report, he found another way to get his writings in print. He wrote letters and signed them via a nom de guerre of a do up widow dubbed Silence Do good. His musings were filled with the absorb facing women and an analysis of the current landscape of the time period. All in all, readers loved the letters and clamored to find out more about the notorious scribe.Eventually the young writer confessed that he created the Dogood tales. Discovering this led to touchy altercation among the brothers pack said the compliments paid to Benjamins writing made him vain. The relationship between Benjamin and his older brother would lay the pedestal for his future philosophies and work ethic. As he revealed in his autobiography I fancy his harsh and tyrannical treatment of me might be a means of impressing me with that aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to me through my whole life.(The narrative of Benjamin Franklin, p. 20). This approach would later show up in Franklins dealings as a printer and in competing with other newspapermen of the day, as well as in his political dealings and his man of the people stance on issues. Benj amin Franklin bought out a competitors newspaper called, the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729. Combining his many skills, Franklin wrote for the paper as well as printed the periodical. The Gazette was Franklins bread and butter for his printing service.To enhance the content, he focused on more street smart content and improved the quality of the writing and added a dose of wit and spirited prose. This newspaper saw much success within the firmament and in filled it more and more with political writings (In Search of a Better World, 2005). For example, Franklin created and published the first political cartoon in the paper. The Gazette was unique in that it had an open-press policy and He was scrupulously equitable in his coverage of politics. his open-press policy

Management Protocol Essay

A protocol in the simplest haggling is a set of rules that allows and facilitates a connection to communicate between ii computers. Protocols can be implemented through hardw ar or softw ar. whatsoever their scope, they atomic number 18 what g everywheren networks and monitor them for effective communication. An internet protocol is more than data oriented rather than connection oriented in the find that it facilitates the exchange of data. Whatever the type of protocol is used, it is based on a few basic steps or prerequisites.These include detecting if a connection is possible, establishing connection, establishing rules of communication and messaging, editing messages, detect errors and termination of connection. Hence both protocol follows these steps. Protocols are important in the sense that we live in a networked society. Without protocols, this communication between computers would not be possible. There are famous protocols like the ones in the TCP/IP suite which are used on almost every computer.They however are ntot he only ones. Despite of many famous protocols like HTTP, FTP, IPv6, there are many others which have been developed over the years for specific purposes or as an alternate to the more famous protocols. One of these is the SNMP ( saucer-eyed Network care Protocol). The main purpose of this protocol is to detect and manage computers on a network. It uses variables to store and retrieve data regarding whether connections are present and if yes then too their status regarding connectivity etc.Another protocol is the SOAP (Simple Object vex Protocol). It is one that manages computers by communicating through XML based objects instead of packets over a network.References Mukhi, Vijay. Kotecha, Sonal. SNMP The Simple Network Management Protocol. 2 December 2007 Box, Don. Ehnebuske, David. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1. 1 W3C Note 08 May 2000. 2 December 2007

War on Terror Research Paper

state of warfare on Terror Do you ever return one of those moments in your life in which you pass on never freeze where you were? I remember waking up early on folk 11, 2001, getting ready for school and my dad telling me hurry up to watch the news with him. Being in 8th grade at the time, the news re wholey wasnt some melt offg I would watch in the mornings so I knew it had to be something important. Then I saw it. An airplane crashing into a tower, volume panicking, and mayhem ensuing in a city very(prenominal) intimately known to me. When any tragic event equivalent 9/11 occurs, the effect it will fuck off on a soil is tremendous.It left the States in shock, anger, and sadness just to name a few adjectives to describe the insurmountable amount of feelings that we felt on that day. With the States being such a powerful res publica, after recovering from the plan of fill appear the coterminous ideal measurement would be to seek retaliation, right? rise up on Oct ober 7th 2001, the war fartheste in Afghanistan began marking the first step in the contend on Terror. The 9/11 tragedy was very devastating to the American morale and our sense of security. America being so powerful and strong it may be logical to see how we had a false sense of security when it came to attacks on us.I mean, who would heartyly want to attack one of the strongest nations on Earth? No new(prenominal) nation in their right mind would, right? Wrong. When those two planes hit our towers and a nonher hitting the pentagon we were slapped with a reality check. We werent as safe as we theory we were. To add onto things, on September 18th and October 9th, 2001, we were hit by the anthrax attack that killed five and injured seventeen Americans. Something had to be done just about this. We shouldnt be letting other nations attack us like this. So George W. Bush began the War on Terror.The single person who withalk business for these attacks on America is the notorious Osama Bin Laden. Bin Laden founded the jihadist terrorist cheek known as al-Qaida at around 1988 to late 1989. The stand, which translates into The Base, is well known for the September 11th attacks on the United States, but is also responsible for the 1998 US embassy bombings as well as the 2002 bombings in Bali. The war on terror started with America going on the offensive against al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. With Osama bin laden becoming the most wanted outlaw in the United States, f not the entire world, other countries would coupling in our attempt to dismantle the al-Qaeda and their usage of Afghanistan as a home base. Australia, United Kingdom, and the united afghan front became our any last(predicate)ies in the war in Afghanistan. These nations would launch procedure stomach immunity. While action Enduring Freedom was mainly targeting Afghanistan, it also had many subordinate operations. on with Afghanistan, at that place were operations in the Philippines, schn ozzle of Africa/Somaliana, Pankisi Gorge, Trans Sahara, Caribbean and Central America, and Kyrgyzstan.The terrorist regimes were placed exclusively over the world and the nations fighting terrorism found it necessary to hang these other countries in eliminating those hostile forces in their territory. Operation Enduring Freedom Philippines is a currently active committee to fight the terrorist forces of Abu Sayyaf and Jemaah Islamiyah. Abu Sayyaf is an Islamist separatist classify that was residing around the southern islands of the Republic of the Philippines while Jamaah Islamiyah is a militant Islamic terrorist group that was spread out th uneven Southeast Asia in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, split of Thailand, and the Philippines.This operation is becalm ongoing and has tallied 17 US soldier casualties with >315 enemies killed, including Abu Sayyaf loss leader Janjalani. Another one of the Operation Enduring Freedom missions was the Horn of Africa (Northeas t Africa/Somali Peninsula). This mission was dedicated to stopping terrorism and piracy in the Horn of Africa. The United States lost 29 due to non-combat fatalities, but so far rush been able to kill 149-160 insurgents, 67-78 pirates, and captured around 1000 pirates. This mission is put away ongoing since October 7th, 2002.There was also another operation held in Africa referred to as Operation Enduring Freedom Trans Sahara. A 500 million budget was canonic for the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI) that would be spent over a six-year span to strengthener those countries that were facing threats from the al-Qaeda. These countries were primarily Chad, Algeria, Senegal, Nigeria, Morocco, Mali, and Mauritania. Along with the attempts to thwart terrorism, the TSCTI were also focusing on drug and weapon trafficking. One of the main points of this specific mission was to tick these 10 nations with the ecessary skills and equipment to combat these problems on their o wn. The last two Operation Enduring Freedom missions argon Caribbean and Central America and Kyrgyzstan. The Caribbean and Central American mission has forces deployed in El Salvador, Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago, Belize, Honduras, and Costa Rica. The US Air quarter at Manas International Airport primarily runs the operation in Kyrgyzstan high-priced the capitol Bishkek. Now onto the main mission in Operation Enduring Freedom, the War in Afghanistan.The main reason merchant ship this war was to dismantle the al-Qaeda organization and stopping them from using Afghanistan as their base. The United States would also go on to state that they were attempting to take the Taliban out of power and create a nation with a more(prenominal) democratic government. This war began on October 7th, 2001, and is still ongoing today making it the United States long-lived running war. bind 51 permits a victimized state to engage in singular or collective self-defense until recourse has been taken by the protection Council to establish peace (Maogoto, 2003).The reason that this war was criticized so much was because large number felt that bombing and attacking Afghanistan was not self-defense because the 9/11 attacks were done by non-state actors, not Afghanistans own army. Either way, professorship George W. Bush was given authorization by Congress to go forrad and begin the war against Afghanistan on September 18th 2001, when a economy called Authorization for Use of Military Forces Against Terrorists, was passed. With the War in Afghanistan being the longest war that the US has run, it is understandable that there are many losses.In our fusion there were 3,097 killed with 2,031 of them being from the United States, over 23,500 wounded, and 1 missing/captured. Of the contractors traind, there were 1,143 killed and over 15,000 wounded. The Afghan Security Forces lost 10,086+ and the Afghan Northern adherence lost over 200. As for the opposing forces, the re was no real reliable estimate, but the Taliban forces were estimated to be around 25,000 strong. One of the more dire numbers to be brought up in losses is how many civilians were killed during the attacks.A rough estimate of civilian casualties is 12,500 14,700. While there were many causes for the civilian casualties, the absolute majority of the losses came from the airstrikes and improvised explosives by the insurgents. The civilian deaths caused a lot of focus between the out human face countries and Afghanistan government causing President Karzai to summon his foreign military commanders to tell them his peoples patience was wearing thin (BBC, 2007). Even though there were many losses suffered by all participants and those civilians, there was a huge victory for the United States on whitethorn 2nd, 2011.This was the day that al-Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden, was finally shot and killed by the US forces in Pakistan (BBC, 2011). They would later confirm the death done D NA tests This could catch also been another one of those youll never forget where you were events for many beholding how he caused so much damage with the 9/11 attacks. The next war to start after Operation Enduring Freedom began was the Iraq war. The reasons behind this war have been extremely debated and discussed since it started. The official factors were listed in the Iraq Resolution. Here are some of the reasons to invade Iraq (President George W.Bush, 2002) * Members of al-Qaeda, the ones responsible for attacks on the US, were residing in Iraq. * Iraq paid bounties to suicide bombers families. * Iraq was brutally repressing their civilian population. * Iraq was not complying with the 1991 ceasefire symmetricalness while also interfering with U. N. weapons instructors. * Iraq was continuing to aid and harbor other international terrorist organizations, that also included anti-United States terrorist organizations. * Turkey, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia wanted Saddam out of p ower in Iraq and feared what he may do.Those were listing only a few reasons, but another big factor in the Iraq War was that Saddam Hussein did not stop producing weapons of mass destruction in 2003 after the Duelfer Report revealed that information. In 1991, Husseins WMD cleverness was essentially destroyed by sanctions to restore Iraqs economy to a more stable condition. On October 21, 2011, Obama announced, After nearly 9 years, Americas war in Iraq will be over. The last forces to leave Iraq were leaving by January 1st, 2012, and that the troops in Afghanistan would start to dumbfound home as well.A big problem that these wars caused for America, aside from the casualties, was how much money was spent. A lot of people look at the War on Terror and the Iraq War as the main reasons the American economy has taken a huge dive the last decade or so. From 2001 through 2011 the Afghanistan war damage the United States about $433 billion dollars (Bingham, 2012). The Iraq war has constitute about $806 billion dollars so far, but Obama has said it may live over $1 trillion dollars when it is all over (Krutzleben, 2011).However, with all these wars not completely wrapped up, the final price of war could be as high as $4. 4 trillion dollars when all is told (costofwar. org, 2012). War affects every country involved, but specifically the veterans who participated and contributed to the war. It would only seem logical that those countries that have had veterans deployed and fight for their nation should be taking care of them as scoop out they can. From the veterans who came back from the Iraq war, 20. 3% of active soldiers and 42. 4% of backwardness soldiers required psychogenic health treatment (Milliken, 2007).The total numbers of those diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder from the Iraq and Afghanistan war is about 30% of the 834,463 who were in those wars (Reno, 2012). These numbers were only the veterans that were treated by the V. A. (Veterans Association) hospitals, so there could actually be more who have not looked for further treatment after returning. With some of these numbers climb as more soldiers are returning from the wars, this would mean the V. A. hospitals would need to hire more mental health professionals to deal with the influx in posttraumatic stress disorder cases continuing to go up.The V. A. has increased their mental health investments by more than 1/3rd in the last three years. They have hired more than 4,000 mental health professionals and in April 2012 have announced they will add 1,600 more professionals, totaling their mental health staff to 22,000 (Reno, 2012). War has never been a good thing and there is never one side that is completely victorious when you consider how many people are killed on each side, civilians included. After the 9/11 attacks on the United States it would be hard to simply let that go unpunished, something HAD to be done.As unpopular war is in the United States, there w as a lot of support from the nation as a whole. I personally found it hard for there to be some type of peaceful way to come to an proportionateness with a terrorist organization so I also supported the war. The cost of these wars have been devastating to our economy though and a lot of people thought we were in these places for too long trying to do too much. Overall, its really hard to judge whether these wars have been a success. Its really a matter of opinion and how a person wants to take the results.I can only hope that we defend our nation much better, that all the troops come back, and that they receive the care they all deserve. We are doing our veterans a great disservice if we cannot properly accommodate them for life after war. Bibliography Bilmes, L. (2006, February). The frugal costs of the iraq war An appraisal threeyears after the beginning of the conflict. Retrieved fromhttp//www. nber. org/papers/w12054. pdf? new_window=1 Bingham, A. (2012, May). Afghanistan War by the Numbers Lives Lost, Billions Spent. Retrieved from http//abcnews. go. om/Politics/OTUS/billions-dollars-thousandslives-lost-afghanistan-war/story? id=16256292. UIRxJmk4WA0 Faiz, S. (2006, serve 17). A timeline of the iraq war. Retrieved fromhttp//thinkprogress. org/report/iraq-timeline/? mobile=nc Hoven, R. (2012, September 6). An iraq war every year. Retrieved fromhttp//www. americanthinker. com/blog/2012/09/an_iraq_war_every_year. html Iraq War Veterans. (2004, July). Iraq veterans against the war. Retrieved fromhttp//www. ivaw. org/ Kellner, D. (2004, December). Bring em on Media and politics in the iraq war. Retrieved fromhttp//books. google. com/books? l=enamplr=ampid=10BiGSdCyVQCampoi=fndamppg=R7ampdq=iraq warampots=DpgUR6Ohbzampsig=cb0_JxEuXqNrmyLL2WQEWCNLFY Kurtzleben, D. (2011, December). What Did the Iraq War Cost? More Than You Think. Retrieved from http//www. usnews. com/news/articles/2011/12/15/what-did-theiraq-war-cost-more-than-you-think Milliken, C. (2007, N ovemeber 14). Longitudinal assessment of mental health problemamong active and reserve component soldiers returning from the iraq war. Retrieved from http//jama. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? articleid=209441 Montopoli, B. (2011, October 21). Obama announces end of iraq war, troops to returnhome by year end.Retrieved from http//www. cbsnews. com/8301-503544_16220123800-503544/obama-announces-end-of-iraq-war-troops-to-return-home-by-year-end/ Rainie, L. (n. d. ). The net income and the iraq war. Retrieved fromhttp//www. pewinternet. org//media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report. pdf. pdf Reno, J (2012, October) Nearly 30% of Vets Treated by V. A. Have posttraumatic stress disorder Retrieved fromhttp//www. thedailybeast. com/articles/2012/10/21/nearly-30-of-vets-treated-by-va-have-ptsd. html War in iraq. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. iraq-war. ru/ Wilson, R. (2005). humane rights in the war on terror. Cambridge University Press.

Devloping Property Investment Strategy

Abstract This calculate object investigates the varying methods of picking when spend in position or verifying lieu. enthronization is the giving up of a working capital sum now in rallying for the benefits to be received in the time to come, much(prenominal) as income flow and or capital gains. The results show a choice of enthronement opportunities that tolerate be do by measuring adventure and issue and by balancing un as well oddballs of summation categorisees. exploitation the distinct investiture choices avail up to(p) a schema plan gage then be kick downstairsed tailoring to the call for of the client.There be four main atomic molarject 18as of seek that should be considered by each(prenominal) case-by-case(a) when developing a airscrew investing schema the investors preys, how much the investor tolerate afford to invest, the level of endangerment accept satisfactory, and the regularise of repossess desired. The motive however for all investors is the same, to increase wealth and honorable their coming(prenominal). Contents Introduction3 Research questions3 Literature re hear4 investing questments/ butts4 place as an enthronization5 attri juste enthronement compendium9 Developing an enthronement Strategy11 Research Design13 Signifi endts13 Definitions13 Limitations14 References14 Introduction There ar some variant types of enthronization billss some of which include transports and shargons, bonds and bills, blank space, reliances, syndicates, debentures, insurance policies and superannuation. The type and size of it of these piazza enthronements appeal to different investors from the small singular properties to the berth trusts price millions of dollars.Location can excessively play a role in subdividing the different categories redden further such as an industrialist might contrast their demand for factory space to a specific area, whereas the industrial belongings acquired by enthr onisation farm animal for its portfolio may non worry somewhat the country or region of which it acquire its stead from. Investment in position can be direct or indirect can be acquired by way of auction, by tender, by under deal conformity or by halt over bid (Enver 2002).Australian investors start forever been fascinated in real soil as it assuage remains the main class of coronation for individuals and enthronisation funds, however m all people are still under the impression that an summation of drop will assign secure and lasting returns. In fact the accomplishment of land mustiness require informed and justifiable conclusions involving the parity of a wish well summations including inhabited raises and units, syndicates, prop trusts and funds. (Rowland 1997) The main area of study describes the planning requisite for enthronement in retention. Investment returns and yields are explained with pretend level describe in the current marketplace.Expl anations in methods of investing in property and a plan of developing an enthronization schema. Comparisons to the stock market exertions are quick and easy, compared with property transactions where time and m angiotensin-converting enzymey is wanted to put on study on each property that is up for sale. Then an review article and analysis of each property of necessity to take place to turn back all the facts and figures are interpreted and taken into account and the optimal choice is do. Research questions Success can never be assured when getting an asset, as there are many insecuritys involved such as the unpredictability of the future market, opinion and outlooks.Given that property is notwithstanding one of the opportunities for investment on the market and that different investments appeal to different investors, the analogy of asset with asset is essential, but the comparison of that asset against an some opposite(prenominal) forms of investment is also just as important. To obtain the investment requirements and to explain property investment conside proportionalityns finished the measure of the amount of investment, return/yield, run a risk comparison To compare property as an investment choice it is examined through risk, property classes and diversification. To analyse the property investments which are explained for the planning of investment strategy To develop the needs and constraints of an investment strategy Literature review Investment requirements/objectives Investment objectives must reflect the needs of the investor indirectly suggest the appropriate type and duration of property investments and are crucial in the development of an investment strategy of any kind.Without them it would be impossible to make a wise decision on what type or class of property to invest, how to finance it, when the income is needed and an estimated prop flow rate Rowland et al (1997) suggests that a person must witness their objectives b y analysing their own personal flock, such as their income, disbursement habits and social needs, or by shared or individual goals. For private investors it involves income, age, family commitments and even personality will suggest how much they are ordain to risk to obtain a higher return (Pyhrr et al 1989, p665).Because get and selling direct real property assets involves high transfer, entry and leaving costs and long selling periods it is consequently seen as an illiquid investment. Whereas an investment in property funds or units or shares also known as indirect property allow quick an easy trades along with shorter holding periods and evidence of rapid and high gains in less than dickens years. nonetheless direct property investment is still seen as a semipermanent investment strategy with lower risk involved. The one common objective is to find the asset that offers protection against the decline in purchasing violence ca utilise by price inflation.Real E give in is c ommonly considered to be a good manipulate against both pass judgment and unthought-of inflation in the long term. Properties for which the rent is closely linked to consumer prices are often undeniable when the primary motive is to preserve capital. Residential rents, commercialised rents and those retial rents based on shop turnover including those rents reviewed annually in line with the consumer price study power are commonly thought to go forth at least lotial tone protection against the effects of inflation (Rowland, 1997).The assets that are currently owned by the investor will also play a role in the determinants of the investment objectives and process. A diversified portfolio is commonly desired by investors and often requires different expertise to assist in the acquisitions, which lowers risk that can be change magnitude when investing in unfamiliar and foreign assets types and classes. Investment musings The amount for investment Consideration and analysis of a selected group of possible investment opportunities cannot take place unless there is an estimate of how much the nvestor has or is available to invest. Investors must sire nark to equity, cash, sorbings or a combination of all to even begin considering investing. The funds available to an investor ultimately determine the purchase price. decease/yield The expected rate of return must match the investors objectives to determine the property class or type suitable. The measurement of return is calculated from known facts close the sale of a property and is apply as a unit of comparison when comparing direct and indirect property.A suitable cash flow for the investment and the perceived risk should be viewed in conjunction with the rate of return, with a higher risk property requiring a higher rate of return. jacket crownitalisation rate is the almost common unit of comparison between asset classes, and can signify whether a property is overpriced or incorrectly valued in some way with market evidence. The cap rate can be calculated by dividing the net income by the price expressed as a decimal or initial yield on purchase. Investment riskRowland et al suggests that the purpose of the investment and the current circumstances of the investor inflexible an stance to the risk involved. An increase in the return would normally discipline for any risks that are taken, but the trade-off between risk and return is dependant upon how unwilling or hesitant each investor is to risk. Variables involved in the prediction of future property income and value, such as rental income, lead costs, vacancies, capital expenditure, charges in capital value and worry rates home(a) and international stableness, are critical and must be estimated to determine the property return.There are some key considerations that an investor must look at when determining their investment risk level. Each investors objectives influence the selection of properties. Cap rates (init ial yields) unless lease terms are known are restrain use in comparing properties. place investment and financing is a question between debt and equity or a combination of both. exam the impact of the return of below expected rental growth and unexpected rental vacancies could assess the two major risks or property investment. Investors are watchful to take varying decimal points of risk to enhance return, depending on their objectives and circumstances (Rowland 1997) space as an Investment Real Estate or property is the main asset class for property investment and contains very plummy causeistics, which are also very attractive for the larger investors who are difficult to balance their portfolios between risk and return A good hedge against inflation Good income and capital returns minor risk investment diversification benefits from low co-variability with shares and bonds. Investing in property is however considerably different to the other principle investment w efts of shares and bonds because property is a sensual asset (Bird 1984), magical spell shares and bonds are financial assets. The main differences between a physical and a financial asset relate to Flexibility Shares and bonds are quick and frequently traded in the market (i. e. stock exchange), whereas property is infrequently traded, has drawn-out transaction times and has no commutation market place.Divisibility Portions of shares or bonds can be traded. Obviously part of a building cannot for the most part be traded, although subdivision by strata titling can be an option. Liquidity Shares and bonds can be viewed as short-term investments, where as property is seen as a medium-to-long term investment. The high costs associated with entry and exit to property importantly impact on liquidity. This makes dealing in shares or bonds for the small investors to a greater extent than attractive (Newell 2000)Listed property trusts are much link up to the financial assets of sha res and bonds rather than the physical asset of composite property (Joslin 2005). Property as an investment choice Real estate is often acquired over other investment assets for its low risk movement, however this ignores many characteristics that differentiate property from other investments such as shares and bonds (Rowland 1997). Property Direct substantiative Redeemable unreformable (Syndicates)Market Priced Appraisal Priced (Listed) (Unlisted) Direct property is the purest form of property investment (PIR 1998), but mostly known as where the owners name appears directly on the title papers. It hustles from the simplicity of a residential investment by a private individual, which is easily understood, to that of the sophisticated commercial property portfolios managed by institutions (Upton 1998). The level of economic activity is directly linked to property, where the roperty market improves so does the value of the property. As property values continue to rise the numbe r of potential investors begins to fall because of the high costs of quality real estate. dismantle the institutional investors who use property to balance their risk within their asset portfolios are reducing direct property exposure to between only 10-15% of the value of the portfolio (PIR 1998). Indirect property investments are often defined as pooled investments and are covered by the Managed Investment Act 1998.This notion allows for the purchase of types and classes of properties that would not otherwise be available to the average investor. Listed trusts are commonly unrestricted investment opportunities, particularly the large and more liquid trusts. The Australian Stock exchange is used by the investors to trade their units and the trusts managers use it to profane and sell properties into and out of the units. Bond price and the comparative risk for each individual property trust are what drives the prices of units on the stock exchange.This itself is governed by the property, the lease, the tenant, the manager, liquidity and taxation allowances and the other factors not necessarily related to the property, which may cause unit prices to depart from the net asset value (PIR, 1998). The absolute majority of unlisted trusts on offer are open ended. In 1991 the political relation introduced changes governing unlisted trusts which has the effect of turning most into what is termed hybrid funds, wherein they offer a mix of direct property, property securities, and also cash reserves.This liquidity is necessary to pay out redemptions which are the units that can be save against the trust after a year they are not traded on the stock exchange as are listed trusts. Trusts were able to overcome two of the main problems of direct property ownership Firstly costs transaction costs are much lower and are bound up in the vehicle structure. all(a) the unit-holders share these indirectly. Secondly liquidity, investors are able to trade their unit holdings for cash, which is beneficial to both small and large investors. hitherto this aspect is one that often has property assets trade more like the all-ordinary index rather than a property asset (PIR 1998) A property syndicate is an investment vehicle through which investors can have direct ownership of one or more properties legally (Upton 1998). The investment usually lasts between 5-12 years after which the investment properties are sold and the advantage is returned to the investors. Syndicates have for a long time been a content by which smaller investors can enter the property market when they otherwise could not afford to do so (upton1998).Syndicates have not only provided this broader range of better quality property for the usual or retail market but institutional investors such as superannuation funds have used syndicates as a means of obtaining better diversification for the funds available for direct property apportioning (Upton 1998) Risk and property investment Rowla nd et al (1997) suggests that there are a number of important or special investment considerations, which are strategically important to investors developing an interest in property. The most significant factors are Specific risk, each individual property is unusual and will require a detailed appraisal of specific opportunity. -Costs of management and charges are upwards of 25% of gross income while specialised management is also required due to favourable tenant rights, compared to investment in other equities or bonds. These costs are high. -Market information is not as readily available, less reliable and is much more expensive than other index market information. -Financial considerations. A considerable degree of financial leverage is normally required, which comes under increasing pressure in economic and property cycles.This is why decisions made should be long term. -Quality subsidy property is often in short supply and any improvements made may become economically or fun ctionally obsolete. Rowland states that in assessing semipermanent exposure to property that we must look at key factors such as the tax position, the rival situation and risk write, the liquidity required, the character of the liabilities Rowland (1997) writes. The return from any property cannot be judged properly without also assessing the risk that the investment may not gibe the objectives of ownership.Investors are most marvellous to take on additional risks unless there is sufficient increase in the expected return. This point is the basis of all investment not only for property. The investor makes the choice between high risk and high return, or low risk and low return. These are again the principles of a equilibrize investment portfolio. Property classes and diversification Most investors would be well apprised that an old saying dont put all your eggs in the one basket which is a practical investment strategy. All of the sensible institutional investors balance their asset portfoliosAs stated earlier, McMahon (1998), property only plays a small part of between 10 to 15% of total asset portfolio composition, which normally consists of property, shares and bonds. notwithstanding, property trusts and property syndicates will in the main be composed entirely of property, but contain many sub classes or property types which in turn play an important part in the diversification strategy. It must be remembered, property can be direct and indirect, interstate, intrastate or international. Property investment analysis This map shows the relationship between each asset class and the level of risk and return that can be expected.High Potential Return Low Expected Risk High Cash Fixed interest Property Growth Alternative investments Assets Shares Individual investors each have different and unique circumstances that need to be taken into considerations when making a decision between direct and indirect property investment. It is often argued, property i nvestment is the trade off between risk and return.The investor can therefore have a very complicated or simple investment plan depending on their needs, however an investor seeking high returns should be prepared to take high risks, while a more prudent investor would narrow for a more modest return. As there is no central market place for property merchandise except for listed property trusts in the stock exchange it means the majority of property investors and not fitted out(p) to undertake a through or sustained investment analysis. This means there is very strangleed means of information regarding the history of trading including returns for the unlisted trusts.The individual investors objectives or requirements will often determine the class of property for investment, which is frequently balanced by their experience or existing property portfolio impacting on the risk return strategies. Direct property Most direct property analysis is based on a direct comparison basis. Investors choosing income-producing properties balance the overall return/yield on the net annual income of the property and the annual capital growth of the asset. For exemplar a property located in the country may reach a greater annual return than one in the suburbs but its capital growth may be far less.As an investment strategy it may however amount to a positive investment, go more than it costs to own. Direct comparison analysis requires a comparison of like with like therefore a property on a busy main road location is not comparable to a property with direct water frontage. Therefore the influences of Type, location and timing need to be considered with return or yield. Property information. Property information can be broken down in to three main categories, general overview, specific class/type and local information.General overview when an investor is get-go facial expression to invest in property they want a general overview about the whole industry, what is hot and whats not and where to find it. This information can be found on sites like ABS, The Property Council of Australia, The Australian Property Institute, Access Economics, The Real Estate Institute etc. These sites will provide overall information on trends, the present state of the market and future predicted trends, which will assist the investor in choosing a location and class of property for investment.Specific class/type large corporal real estate players like CB Richard Ellis, the real estate franchisers, PRD, researchers like Property Investment Research, Residex, RP info or investors AMP, Westfield, etc all are supported by extensive research departments and are able to provide very specific property performance information. The difficulty in using their services is that most are commercial businesses and seek payments for the services provided. Local Information once the location and the class of property is chosen then there is no better research than getting to that loca tion.When you have acquired/ researched, the latest most comprehensive information, then the analysis process is undertaken, as we have demonstrated earlier. Indirect property Indirect property because it trades as a financial asset provides a collect trial of transactional and corporate informational because of the rules associated to being listed on the stock exchange. The stock exchange also has some very strict code of conduct rules for companies or individuals as traders on the stock exchange, far more stringent than for set property traders/professionals.Each individual company or property trust listed on the stock exchange must meet reporting requirements, which allows advisers access to the most intimate going concern and stock market trading information. It is for this reason that the stock market investing is volatile, analysts have intimate corporate information, coupled with cyclical and world events puts daily pressure on stock values. Stocks are trading daily effecti vely valuing assets and performance on a daily basis.A companys annual reports can be analysed using mostly ratio analysis, undertaken as a matter of course before being recommended by investment house/advisors. Property trusts are also analysed and benchmarked prior to being recommended for investment. Because listed companies and property trusts tend in the economy, they are obviously affected by the overall state of the local and world economies. If both the local and world economies are doing well, then, other things being equal, you could expect listed companies and trusts to do well and stock prices increases.Developing an Investment Strategy The development of an investment strategy over a period of time allows the individual to assess what they can afford, their risk level and provides a clear outlook for the future. The main considerations would be how much you need to borrow and the level of gearing, the purchasing costs, ongoing costs and depreciation schedules and othe r tax issues. Hargitay and Yu (1991) et al suggests that the investment usually means the acquisition of assets by the investor with the view to satisfactory returns in the future.The capital committed to the acquisition of the assets and the expected returns are exposed to risk. Generally the greater the exposure to risk, the higher the return expected by the investor as a reward for bearing the risks involved. Most quick-scented investors are risk-adverse. That is they prefer less risk to more risk and more return to less return. The formulation of an investment strategy or portfolio objective involves the listing and ranking of the principal needs the constraints for a particular investor.A list of the particular needs and constraints may include the following needs 1- Need for the security or capital invested. 2- Need for the security and stability of income. 3- Need for the readily marketable investment, i. e. liquidity 4- Need for tax exemptions or reliefs 5- Need for extern al professional management. Constraints 1- Limit on the size of neighboring(a) capital investment 2- Limit on the size of future investment. These future capital commitments are either regular or random. 3- Upper limit of risk bearing 4- Minimum acceptable rate of return circumstance of investment 6- Statutory controls It is extremely important that the investor sees their particular position amongst the needs and constraints and is able to express their relative importance. further then will the investor be able to articulate their portfolio objectives clearly. Hargitay and Yu (1991) et al also suggest that Modern Portfolio supposition (MPT) provides another more rational method to assemble a portfolio of insecure securities. MPT provides the rational to select a combination of risk free assets that would meet the investors objectives.The first and fundamental problem facing the investor is to establish the investment goals and objectives. Only after the clear definition of t he investment goals and objectives can the appropriate investment strategies and tactics be established. Conclusion The theme of this final cause is that a straits investment decision-making is based on a thorough return and risk analysis, which is the best strategy for maximising a persons wealth. The institutional or corporate investor usually invests to make adequate provisions to cover future liabilities and hedge against the success or failure of their enterprise.Various institutional investors have distinctly different liabilities and tax status and therefore require different investment and portfolio structures to meet their respective commitments now and in the future. The first step in the establishment of investment objectives is the determination of the investors needs. The needs of an individual investor will be different from those of an institutional or corporate investor. However the primary motive for investment in all cases is profit. Usually individual investors provide for certain goals, retirement, educating their hildren, or simply hoping to increase their wealth through investment of individuals to money matters, and in particular to risks, varies greatly. Some have the attitude that given their investment amount is only small that when investing in risky ventures the risk aspect is insignificant, so they accept the risks quite readily. otherwise investors would regard the loss of their small investment as a major disaster. Research Design The development of a property investment strategy data collected mainly from secondary sources.Define Purpose of the proposal Question Scholarly Journals Trade Journals Reference Books Sources Official Statistics Technical Reports Libraries and their search engines Research Literature retread articles DesignLocate Col prise Verify Construct and Incorporate data into the proposal The purpose of this proposal is to examine the way in which an individual decides what is the best investment option to undertake. Included is the discussion of issues on investment strategies risk and return measures limitations investment decisions investment objectives. A variety of industry sectors were analysed including direct and indirect property and what each of these involve.The graphs in this report were constructed using a vast force of publicly information obtained for the literature review and the secondary sources mentioned. Significants This proposal outlines the framework for determining a sound investment strategy and important stairs and criteria a potential investor must undertake in order in maximise their financial wealth. Positive investment results are directly related to a well researched and thought about investment strategy. DefinitionsAsset allocation The proportion of your total capital you invest in the different asset classes. This will be largely determined by your risk profile (ASX) Benchmark The yardstick that a fund manager compares the performance of their fun d to, such as the All Ordinaries Index which may be used as a benchmark for Australian Shares (ASX) Diversified Portfolio A portfolio that holds a variety of assets over more than one asset class or one market. This may include shares, property, or fixed interest (ASX) gear wheel Refers to the process of the increasing funds available for investment through borrowing. The ratio of debt finance to equity finance or as The use of long debt in financing an entity. Gearing may be measured as EBIT/EBIIT interest, Used to be known as Leverage (ASX) Hedge A transaction, which reduces or offsets the risk of a current holding. (ASX) Liquidity Being able to convert assets into cash easily, quickly and with little of no loss of capital. A liquid market is a market with enough participants to make acquire and selling easy. ASX) Return on investment What you earn from your investments, including dividends, interest or other income and realised capital gains. Return is usually expressed as a percentage of the amount invested. (ASX) Limitations This research proposal of developing a property investment is limited in that it does not take into consideration individual circumstances and further analysis of this should be done before investment begins. This proposal also does not take into the account other factors that affect the market, which can also then affect an investment.This proposal also ignores the adverse tax consequences associated in investment, which are critical in any investment strategy. References Australian Securities Exchange, 2008, (ASX) Bird, P. (1984), Commodities as a hedge against inflation, employ Economics, Byrne P and Lee S, 2004, Different Risk Measures Different portfolio compositions, Journal of property investment and finance. Enever, N. , Isaac, D. (2002), The Valuation of Property Investments, 6th ed. , Estates Gazette, London, Hargitay.S. E and Yu. S, 1991, Property Investment Decisions a quantitative approach Joslin, A. (2005), An in vestigation into the expression of uncertainty in property valuations, Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Vol. 23 McMahon, Walter W. (1998) Conceptual fabric for the Analysis of the Social Benefits of Lifelong Learning, Education Economics, Newell G, Kottegoda P and Acheampong P, 2000, Using style analysis to assess direct property performance, one-sixth sass Real Estate Society, SydneyNewell G, Acheampong P, Kishore and Padan M 2000, Diversification issues in property securities funds, Sixth Pacific Rim Real Estate Society, Sydney Property Investment Research, PIR 1998, Melbourne Pyhrr. S. A and Cooper. R. J 1989, Real Estate Investment Strategy, Analysis, Decisions, New York Wiley Rowland. P. J 1997, Property Investments & their financing, 2nd edition, LBC (Thomson) Upton D, 1998 flirting with debt, Property Australia Define Question Secondary sources Collect, Review & analyse data Research report

Personality Development Analysis Essay

Per intelligenceality increase is among the important aspects of invigoration that we develop to go through to ensure a complete and healthy feeling ment altogethery, physic whollyy and emotionally. In this paper the three major theories of temperament development atomic number 18 going to be used to analyse an individual that has already been chosen. Ericksons hypothesis of psychosocial development, Piagets theory of cognitive development, and Freuds theory of psychosexual development are going to explain the different traits of our nature in an effort to try and further understand the forgiving individualality development.The character has been chosen from the television series Scrubs he is Dr John Michael Dorian withal known as JD. JD is a 32 year darkened medical indemnify authenticly he is the residency director at St Vincents hospital, a position he recently acquired. He back be classified as a genuinely wide doctor this is shown by his concern for his patient s while he was working at taboo Heart infirmary. His best friend is Dr Chris Turk who is the Chief Surgeon at sacrosanct Heart hospital. The twain of them shake been together for most of their adult deportment it has been frequently been confused that they are homosexual because of the closeness of their human relationship.JD has a son called Sam who he adores. He has a girl friend called Elliot also a doctor in private practice. His mentor is Dr. Perry Cox who is the current chief of medicine at Sacred Heart hospital. All of them have worked together for over 8 years they all have various close relationships depending on their line of work, perceptions e. t. c. Lastly JD has been portrayed as a dispense upy human creation this is shown by his sensitivity and neediness. He has been exposit as the neediest individual in the hospital. According to Ericksons Psychosocial tuition theory, JD is in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage.At this stage the main virtue is jazz and und erstanding. It is at this stage that one dares to experience relationships with other people. These relationships are therefrom key aspects in ones manners at this stage in life (Feldman 2005). When we look at JD, we see that he has a network of relationships that actually determine how well he works as a doctor. His relationship with Dr. Turk is of more than importance. The call all(prenominal) other using pet names brown bear and vanilla bear, this shows that they are both comfortable with each other. This relationship is also characterised with a stripe of child like games and competitions.The two corporation thusly be considered as inseparable no military issue what the circumstances (Dacey & Travers 2002). They depend on each other through buddy-buddy and thin. There is also a lot of focus on JD career. He has been described as the residency director at St Vincents Hospital a position that he accepted because he would like to hold near his son he wants to spend more time with his on Sam. That is another relationship that dominates his life, in accompaniment since both JD and Turk have children, when ever they get free time they spend it together with their children.This shows that the relationship amid the parents and the children is healthy and impart be healthy in the future, another feature that JD is in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage. Unfortunately, JD has had a series of bad relationships with the foeman sex this attributed to the event that he is not emotionally healthy at that level, very small things with the foeman sex tends to bring disclose the beat out in him. This is not for lack of trying but because as he defines it he self sabotages all his romantic relationships, a trend that can be seen also in his social life though with vary degrees.That is why he is mostly lonely (Dacey & Travers 2002). According to the Piagets theory of cognitive development, JD as a rational adult is in the semi-formal Operational stage. He is able to think rationally and consequently pass by rational conclusions. He can speak eloquently and therefore an in force(p) communicator. He knows the difference between right and improper it is part of the causal agency as to why he is a good doctors. According to JD patients need the extra attention so that they can heal even faster. This he reached despite constant ridiculing by his friends and at time even the doctor. tho he still feels that it is right to spend sometime to know ones patient. both(prenominal) of the skills that one acquires when at this stage have also been demonstrated JD uses his deductive skills to diagnose his patients (Leifer & Hartston 2004). This also enables him to spend more quality time with his patients. It is the aforementioned(prenominal) reason as to why he is very much given up to the same patients. He is able to prove rational decisions seen when he decides to take another job so that he can spend more time with his son. This is pa rticularly a hard decision because it nitty-gritty move away from his best friend Turk.It heart spending slight and less time with Turk many still dont believe JD could make such a decision, but he does. This shows that he understands that in life one has to learn how to make rational decisions that will further set up our lives and the lives of our loved ones. Being selfish is therefore a sign that all is not well. Life sacrifices have to be made so as to ensure that we are with those that we love and cherish. Such sacrifices come out of do rational decisions and although some may be sad, one has to look at the bigger picture.On the other hand JD is know for making the wrong decision despite knowing what the consequences are he has an inner monologue that is constantly telling him what he should do but he ceaselessly ignores this advice only to suffer the consequences latter (Leifer & Hartston 2004). According to Freuds theory of psychosexual Development, JD has successfull y gone through the required stages that one has to go through to ensure that he is ready and complete for life. He is an adult and has therefore managed to go through all the processes as described by Freud he is therefore at the genital stage.At this point in life JD is struggling to establish a balance between a lot of things going on in his life. He therefore reaches a decision that favours him moving a way from what he is used to so as to be with his son. He also makes a decision that involves him living with Elliot his girlfriend and eventually his married woman. At this stage one tends to focus on the call for of others rather than their own needs and this explains why JD made such a selfless decision so that he can be with his wife and further enhance his career as a residency director.At his point in life one also tends to be attracted to the members of the opposite sex the decisions at this point could be self serving or simply just wrong but a relationship borne out of s uch a decision in this stage rarely lasts as one discovered that they were only attracted to the person because of one thing, their sexuality (Feldman 2005). In an analysis of all the theories, then it is safe to conclude that JD is in fact a normal healthy human being compared to any standards. condescension a few flaws here and there, he is emotional stable and mentally sound. He is a hard working member of the community and in no way a perfect person. A balance is therefore necessary a balance of all the elements of personality development. This balance means that one is tolerable and consequently of sound abilities. JD has friends and family around him who love him and value him his childish nature has been described as a very unremarkably way to avoid getting overwhelmed since he is in a demanding career.The fact that he is father means that he is a man who will do everything to ensure that his son never lacks anything and hopefully. In conclusion the theories of personality are meant to try and establish criteria through which a human being develops they try and explain why human personalities are different and at times we all happen to go through the same things in life. Psychosocial characteristics are meant to establish how and why a person relates to others the way they do.It explains persons social characteristic within the social context. Cognitive development explains tries to understand how humans acquire knowledge and therefore deduces a persons personality through this process of learning. In the end we have the psychosocial development that is mainly focused on the sexual drive in human beings and how peoples personalities develop as a pass of undergoing these urges a balance and control of these urges at different stages in life means that one will end up with a good personality.But in the end a balance of almost all elements remains desirable depending on the theories a balance of all these attributes means that one is of good nature and therefore a good human being to be with. References Dacey John S & Travers John F. (2002). Human Development across the life sentence. Boston McGraw-Hill. Feldman Robert S. (2005). Development across the life Span, Upper blame River, N. J Prentice Hall. Leifer G & Hartston H. (2004). Growth and Development across the Lifespan A health Promotion Focus. St. Louis, Mo Saunders.

Copyright Infringement Research Paper Essay

We be well into the year of 2011 and technology is continuing to glide path and a faster and faster rate. As technology advances there act ups to be to a biger extent of an opportunity for things to go wrong. The ability of our society to obtain instruction has been becoming as easy as it has ever been. I simple(a) line into the google search bar and you atomic number 18 looking at millions upon millions of lings and opportunities to disclose information. With this source and hundreds or even thousands of these resources just ilk it, buccaneering and copy honest growths permit never been more of a problem. And a in truth salutary problem at that. procure is defined as a strike tally of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distri yete and adapt the work. The exclusive rights are however balanced for normal interest purposes with limitations and exceptions to the exclusive right much(prenominal) as fair traffic and fair character. secure does non protect ideas, only their expression.In close jurisdictions procure arises upon fixation and does not rent to be registered. Copyright owners have the exclusive statutory right to exercise control oer write and other exploitation of the work for a specific period of time, aft(prenominal) which the work is utter to enter the public domain (1). piece of medicine plagiarism is simply defined as the unauthorized manipulation of anothers production, invention, or conception especially in infringement of a right of first publication (2). The definition of these two is strongly correlated and leaves them twain dealing with the alike(p) turn ups that have been plaguing the creative minds of m whatsoever people in recent times. Copyright and plagiarism issues have had a huge effect on how we are able to access information on the profits. Information is going to continue to get more difficult to attain the further into the future we get, but how give this directly effect us?First a generalized overview over the types of copyright and plagiarisation strategies. The most common types of piracy of copyright-protected sensibles concerns books, music, bourgeons and software. confines Book publishing has the longest history of dealing with piracy. Any unauthorized use of a copyright work, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as a book, school manual, diary article or sheet music, represents an infringement of copyright or a typeface of copyright piracy, unless covered by a copyright exception. plagiarization of printed works affects both paper copies and works in digital format. In some developing countries, trade in pirated books often exceeds the legitimate market. educational institutions represent a primary target market for pirates. Infringing activities include both il heavy commercial photocopying and/or printing and reproduction of books and other printed material in digital form, as well as distribution in hard copy or digital format.Music Music piracy includes both traditional unlawful use of music and unauthorized use of music on on-line communication networks. Bootlegging (unauthorized recording and gemination of a live or broadcast performance) and counterfeiting (unauthorized copying of the material support, labels, nontextual matter and packaging) are the most widespread types of traditional music piracy. The unauthorized uploading and fashioning available to the public of music files or downloading such files from an earnings grade is referred to as earnings or on-line piracy. On-line piracy whitethorn also include certain uses of streaming technologies. Films As in the case of music, film piracy is either traditional or done over the Internet. It includes, but is not limited to, videocassette and optical disc piracy, internal representation camcorder piracy, theatrical print theft, signal theft and broadcasting piracy, and on-line piracy. software system Software pi racy refers to practices that involve the unauthorized copying of computer software.Internet (on-line) piracy The unauthorized downloading or distribution over the Internet of unauthorized copies of works such as paintings, music, video games and software is generally referred to as Internet or on-line piracy. Illicit downloads occur through file-sharing networks, illegal servers, web puts and hacked computers. nasty goods pirates also use the Internet to sell illegally duplicated DVDs through auctions and websites. spot trafficking copyrighted works through incr mitigationly sophisticated electronic means, such as peer-to-peer file trading networks, Internet chat rooms, and hotsgroups, has an ever increasing ostracise impact on cultural industries, it is also argued that curtailing this phenomenon limits the right of access to information, association and culture (4).The problem in trying to prevent digital copyright infringement is tied up in the problem of regulating the Int ernet an almost impossible feat, considering the World Wide Web today comprises more than 100 million individual Web sites. Regulators have been severely try in recent years with the rise of peer-to-peer networks, with the most infamous existence Napster. The brainchild of a 19-year-old college student, Napster launched in 1999 and revolutionized the authority music sharing was conducted online. However, with such a quick rise to success comes the inevitable problems in this case, the problems arose in the form of the Recording Industry standstill of the States (RIAA) and copyright lawsuits. While users of Napster saw nothing wrong with sharing music, the RIAA, which represents the four study music labels, saw the situation quite differently. By late 2000, the courts had ruled that Napster must(prenominal) restrict access to copyrighted files, a death-blow to the young network, for all intents and purposes.The media fabrication probably thought it was in the clear afterwar ds the Napster fall-out, and to a gunpoint it was, until a smart source of copyright infringement rose up in 2005 and became even more widely success than Napster.The story of YouTube, an online video-sharing network, is resonant of the beginnings of its music predecessor, Napster. Founded in February of 2005 by two 20-somethings, the idea for the company arose collectible to difficulties in sharing home videos with friends. When the site launched in May 2005, it contained round 30,000 videos. As with Napster, word of mouth allowed the companys popularity to spread like wildfire. Less than 20 months later, visitors to the site watched 100 million videos a day. While many visitors to YouTube go to see the homemade videos, the company shares another semblance to Napster its success is, in part, due to the illegal sharing of copyrighted files. YouTubes terms of service forbid sharing of copyrighted materials, and the company monitors subject to limit the number of violations, b ut copyrighted material still gets through.With such material widely popular among users of the site, the companies whose videos were being shared on the site saw the situation differently. In March of 2006, NBC asked YouTube to remove a Saturday iniquity Live skit. Viacom soon followed suit, threatening action against YouTube if it did not remove clips from comedy Central shows like South Park and The Daily Show. some manufacturing insiders speculated that YouTubes fate would follow in the footsteps of Napster. Rather than sit idly by, however, YouTube took action. The company began signing licensing agreements with companies including Warner Music, Sony BMG and CBS Corp., allowing the content providers to supply the clips and share in advertizement revenue. YouTube also attempted to assuage the companies concerns with a promise to develop new software capable of finding and removing copyrighted materials.The biggest hope for YouTube, however, lies in its encyclopedism by G oogle, the search engine giant worth approximately $ one hundred thirty billion, which paid $1.65 billion to purchase YouTube on Oct. 9, 2006. While this acquisition did not remove the threat of future lawsuits, most analysts believed the military group of Google and its many lively media partnerships will allow YouTube to avoid Napsters fate. Additionally, Googles technological advantages in finding and removing copyright infringement threats go far in easing the minds of the media companies. In my opinion Googles many existing partnerships suggest that these companies will continue to do business with a Google-owned YouTube, rather than following the legal path they did with Napster and its related music piracy companies (3).The example of Napster and YouTube is a very generalized and a very modern look at the issue of copyright and piracy issues but I also feel that they are very high scale cases that represent the problem at moot very well. There are millions of similar small scale websites such as these that are stealing information and making money off of other peoples work. precisely as stated by Jessica Vitak above, how could you possibly be able to monitor such a vast array of internet sites? It is almost impossible to even fathom. Now that these two giants have brought the issue of copyright and piracy into the general publics eye we need to explore how this will effect the collection of information in our lives.Following up Napster and YouTube the new revolution with high speed internet connections is the ability to go after mental pictures. As we hold out and have seen there is a lot of power in Hollywood. It is a multi-billion dollar industry and is a point of spartan concern. A movie is a large amount of information that takes a lot of time and internet speed to be able to download. But again with the advancement of technology getting this type of file is no long more than a 20 minute download period.Many argue to say that this can have gr eat effect on our economy because of the amount of money that this industry brings in. The Motion Picture Association of America warned against a growing global epidemic of movie piracy over the Internet this week, citing a come off of Internet users in which more or less one in four respondents had illegally downloaded a movie online. The study, conducted by online research company OTX, queried 3600 Net users in eight countries, and was cited by the MPAA as the harbinger of the tough times the industry faces ahead in make out with online piracy.Although the MPAA participated in delivering the survey results it did not fund the study, an OTX representative says, adding that the company undertook the survey independently. According to the survey, 24 percent of respondents reported that they had downloaded a movie online, and 69 percent said that they did not believe that online music piracy was a major concern. The study was performed in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, J apan, the U.K., and the U.S., and shows a direct correlation amidst broadband shrewdness and the incidence of piracy, the researcher says. In Korea, for instance, where broadband penetration is estimated to stand at 98 percent, 58 percent of respondents said that they had downloaded a movie online (5). These are clearly alarming numbers and much high than I think any one would guess if they were asked but, now that we know how high those numbers are what exactly is the effect. Clearly there must be a large loss of money but how great?And is that a number that we can even guesstimate on? The scotch impact of movie piracy equated to $1.37 billion in lost revenue to the Australian economy and 6,100 jobs forgone over the 12 months to July 2010, according to a new report from the Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft (AFACT). The report, carried out by IPSOS and Oxford Economics and surveying 3500 big(a)s, also found tax losses to movie piracy amounted to $193 million, while direct consumer spending losses to the movie industry, topical anesthetic distributors, producers and retailers amounted to $575 million. As much as one third of the Australian adult population had downloaded, streamed, burned or otherwise not paid for movie content during the period. Some 92 million pirated movies were also estimated to have been viewed or obtained within the period. According to AFACT executive director, Neil Gane, the findings showed that movie piracy had a destructive impact throughout the economy.The film community is no different than any other sector of the economy that relies on skill, investment and hard work, Gane said in a statement. The losses are significant and the report highlights the need for urgency in addressing this problem. AFACT members include Village Roadshow Limited, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Australia, Paramount Pictures Australia, Sony Pictures let go International Corporation and Twentieth Century Fox International. In phra try the Australian Federal Police (AFP) said it had embarked on a major crackdown of counterfeit goods, including pirated software, computers and CDs and DVDs, in a move hailed by as a victory by software companies such as Microsoft and representatives of the music and film and TV industries.The arrests were the result of investigations which had stemmed from information provided by industry stakeholders such as Music Industry Piracy Investigations (MIPI), the Australian Federation against Copyright Theft (AFACT), the Trade Mark Investigations Service and the Union of European football game Associations (6). To me these numbers are amazingly alarming and are clearly a huge issue. Though they are not numbers from the United States of America they make it very evident that this is a world wide epidemic. The way that our economy is these days we cant afford to be losing out on any amount of money, let alone billions.